What is it called when you explain the main events in a story, with who, what, where, when, why, how for each event in order from beginning to end?

What you are asking about is called a
summary. A summary is a piece of writing that gives a brief but
accurate and detailed description of an entire work, be it a nonfiction or fiction book,
an essay, a short story, a speech, or even a scientific paper. Random House Dictionary
explains it this way:

readability="5">

A summary  is a brief statement or restatement of
main points ….

A summary
states the main events in order as they appear in the work being summarized. For
example, if you are summarizing a postmodernist novel, the author may not write the
story in a strict chronological time frame; the author may employ flashbacks and
flash-forwards that present what happened before the present time spoken of in the novel
or present what may or will happen in the future from the present time spoken of in the
novel. This sort of time line would be an unchronlogical time line within an
unchronological time frame. An example of this sort of writing is Faulkner’s short
story, “A Rose for Emily.” A summary of a work will follow the time line of the actual
work being summarized.

Main points will be stated as the who, what,
where, when, why, and how of each main event: Who was involved in this main event? What
was this main event? Where did it take place? When did it occur? Why did it happen? How
did it happen (i.e., reflecting means of action: e.g., “with the candlestick …”) or even
how did it come about that it happened (i.e., reflecting motive or cause and effect).
These main events will be written about--or summarized--in order of occurrence from
beginning to end.