Language (i.e., code) planning is the deliberate effort to
control, expand, and utilize language. Cooper's definition of language planning
is:
language
planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the behavior of others with respect
to the acquisition, structure, or functional allocation of their
codes
Language planning is
important to a country for several reasons. The first is that planning is important to
insure that a language corpus can function in contemporary society in terms of
terminology, or vocabulary, to meet present needs, e.g., technological, or scientific
needs. Thus, Cooper describes corpus planning as
intervention to make sure a language has the needed terminology to function in necessary
capacities.
The second reason is to establish the status of
a language within a country and in relation to other countries in the world, for
instance, it establishes whether a country will have one national language or two and
which those two might be. As an example, South Africa effected status
planning by determining that both Afrikaans and English would be official
languages.
The third reason language planning is important
to a country is that language planning determines how language or languages will be
acquired, or taught, in the national educational systems. Acquisition
planning comprises acquisition of national, second, and foreign
languages.