Throughout Charlotte Perkins Gilman "The Yellow Wallpaper"
the reader comes to understand that much of the failure of the treatment of the unnamed
narrator's "nervous condition" is due to the Victorian society in which she is held
captive by the common law doctrine of femme covert [French for
covered, (hidden) woman/wife]. Under this law the husband had virtually total control
of his wife's life. Thus, in every aspect of her marriage, the wife was repressed in
this patriarchal society. Added to this, was the prevailing wisdom of Dr. Weir Mitchell
who contended that "post-partum depression" was a myth, and the real condition was only
nerves. For this condition, Mitchell believed in total rest without any mental of
physical activity. And, the narrator's husband John concurs completely with this
diagnosis.
So, whenever the narrator pleas with him to
allow her to go into the garden, or to have a window open, John refuses. Compounding
this problem, the narrator, made submissive by her repressed social condition, begins to
criticize herself,
readability="15">
I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes.
I'm sure I never used to be so sensitive. I think it is due to this nervous
condition.
But John says if I feel so shall neglect proper
self-control; so I take pains to control myself--before him, at least, and that makes me
tired.
I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one
downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty
old-fashioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of
it.
With her husband's
domination, the deprivation of anything aesthetic and pleasing, as well as the loss of
socialization, the narrator focuses upon "the hideous wallpaper. Aesthetically repulsed
by the lack of symmetry--"I never saw a worse paper in my life--and the "lurid orange
and sickly sulphur tint" of its color, the narrator begins to obsess on this wall
covering from which she can find no relief. Her concerns then turn inward and she feels
that she is "a comparative burden already" to her
husband.
Gradually, however, the narrator, a creative,
intelligent woman whose talents are depreciated by her repressive husband and who is
denied "stimulating people" whom she needs, focuses so intently upon the wallpaper that
she imagines exerts "a vicious influence" upon her. This, then, causes her to feel a
sense of antagonism, "impertinence" in the paper with its "unblinking eyes" that are
ubiquitous. From this vision then emanates a "strange, provoking, formless sort of
figure" that seeks to be freed from the horizontal bars of the yellow wallpaper. The
narrator initially fears this woman, who is really her emerging sense of self. In her
submissiveness, she wishes "John would take me away from
here!"
When she voices her anxiety to her husband, he tells
her not to think about it. More and more she feels trapped until she must free this
woman she is behind the bars of the paper. However, instead of freeing her, the
narrator's sense of self enters the wallpaper and is irrevocably trapped. When her
husband knocks, she ignores him, for she is no longer outside the insanity of the
paper. When he breaks down the door, John finds his wife crawling along the baseboard,
mentally lost. As she creeps along the baseboard, he perceives her insanity for which he
is responsible and faints. Of course, she does not understand why, and simply continues
"to creep over him every time!"
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