Monday, February 8, 2016

Are there any metaphors or important quotes concerning illness and medication in Shakespeare's Macbeth?

In Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, in
Act Five, there is reference to illness and medication.


In
Act Five, scene one, Lady Macbeth, ironically is troubled over the deaths she and/or
Macbeth are responsible for, and she starts walking and talking in her sleep. Her famous
lines refers to the murder of Duncan and all the blood, her husband's fear to commit the
deed and visions of death:


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Out, damned spot! Out, I say! One–two—

why then ’tis time to do't. Hell is murky. Fie, my lord, fie!
A
soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it,
when none can call our
power to account? Yet who would
have thought the old man to have had so much
blood in him? (31-35)



The
Doctor and a Gentlewoman watch her in such a state; in is obvious that the two are
hearing things they should not be listening to; and it is no secret by this time that
those people closest to the Macbeths end up dead (Duncan, Banquo, the Macduffs,
etc.).



Foul
whisperings are abroad. Unnatural deeds
Do breed unnatural troubles: infected
minds
To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets:
More
needs she the divine than the physician.
God, God, forgive us all! Look after
her;
Remove from her the means of all annoyance,
And still keep
eyes upon her. So good night:
My mind she has mated, and amazed my sight:

I think, but dare not speak.
(63-71)



The Doctor admits
that unnatural deeds (murder) can affect someone's mind. Often they will speak to their
pillows or talk in their sleep, when no one can hear them ("deaf pillow"). He suggests
that the Gentlewoman remove anything with which Lady Macbeth might harm herself, and
that she should watch her still. He admits that he is amazed by what he has seen and
heard: but regardless of his thoughts, he knows better than to speak of
them.


By Act Five, scene three, when chaos is descending on
Macbeth with rumors of war, his men are joining the other side, and he is worrying of
Malcolm approaching, Macbeth asks the Doctor about his
wife:



How does
your patient, doctor?
(42)



The Doctor responds by
saying that her thoughts, imaginings, trouble her and keep her from her sleep. So
Macbeth speaks to the Doctor regarding illness and
healing:



Cure
her of that.
Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased,
Pluck
from the memory a rooted sorrow,
Raze out the written troubles of the brain,

And with some sweet oblivious antidote
Cleanse the stuff'd bosom
of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?
(46-52)



Macbeth asks the
Doctor if he cannot heal her of her "diseased mind," remove, somehow, the thoughts that
are rooted so deeply in her psyche. Mention of medicine is found with Macbeth's
reference to "some sweet oblivious antidote" (50) that could lighten her heart somehow:
does the Doctor have such a thing?


The Doctor answers that
she must find a way to heal herself:


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Therein the patient / Must minister to himself.
(52-53)


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