We'll use Lagrange's theorem to prove the trigonometric
inequality.
We'll choose a function, whose domain of
definition is the closed interval [a,b].
The function is
f(x) = cot x
Based on Lagrange's theorem, there is a point
"c", that belongs to (a,b), so that:
f(b) - f(a) = f'(c)(b
- a)
We'll substitute the function f(x) in the relation
above:
tan b - tan a =
f'(c)(b-a)
We'll determine
f'(x):
f'(x) = -1/(sin
x)^2
f'(c) = -1/(sin c)^2
cot
b - cot a = (b-a)/(cot c)^2
-1/(sin c)^2 = (cot b - cot
a)/(b-a)
If a and b are located in the interval [0 ; pi/2],
the sine function over this interval is increasing and it has positive
values.
a<c<b => sin a < sin c
> sin b
We'll raise to
square:
(sin a)^2 <(sin c)^2 < (sin
b)^2
-1/(sin a)^2 < -1/(sin c)^2 <-1/(sin
b)^2 (2)
But -1/(sin c)^2 = (cot b - cot a)/(b-a)
(1)
From (1) and (2), we'll
get:
-1/(sin a)^2 <
(cot b - cot a)/(b-a) < -1/(sin
b)^2
We'll multiply by
(b-a):
(a-b)/(sin a)^2 <
cot b - cot a < (a-b)/(sin
b)^2
(a-b)/(sin a)^2 + cot a > cot b >
(a-b)/(sin b)^2 + cot a
(a-b)/(sin a)^2 +
cos a/sina < cot b < (a-b)/(sin b)^2 + cos a/sin
a
As we can notice, the given inequality is
not verified.
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