What Francis Fukuyama was saying in this famous essay from
1989 is that there was no longer any competition between political ideologies the way
that there had been for most of the course of history. He was arguing that this
competition had ended and that liberal democracy was now accepted as the only form of
government that has great legitimacy. I would tend to agree with Fukuyama, though I
have some misgivings about doing so.
Since communism fell,
not every country has become democratic. Instead, you have many countries that are
authoritarian (Russia and China, for instance) as well as many countries that are
theocratic (Iran and Saudi Arabia). One might argue that these ideologies are now in
competition with liberal democracy.
However, I would agree
with Fukuyama that these ideologies do not have much legitimacy among people in
general. These are not ideologies that many people find appealing. Therefore, these
ideologies are not going to be able to compete with liberal democracy the way that
communism did.
Perhaps we can see the current events in the
Middle East as proof of this concept. In the Middle East today, we have major
demonstrations against authoritarianism and in favor of some form of liberal democracy.
This implies that liberal democracy has won the argument in the minds of most people and
that the end of history has truly happened.
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