Identify some figures of speech that are used in "If" by Rudyard Kipling.

Metaphor A simile is a
comparison using the words “like” or “as,” but a metaphor is a more direct comparison. 
For example, “If you can keep your head” is a metaphor.  You can’t actually lose your
head!

If you
can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of
pitch-and-toss, (lines
17-18)

In these lines, life
is compared to games.  You don’t actually have winnings in life, and this is not a
literal pitch and toss.  It’s a metaphor for
risk.

Personification is when
something that is not human is described as if it was
human.

If you
can dream - and not make dreams your master;
If you can think - and not make
thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with triumph and disaster
And
treat those two imposters just the same; (lines
9-12)

Triumph and disaster
are concepts, and they are described as human, given human qualities like that ability
to master you.

Rhyme is one of
a poet’s most powerful tools.  When used well, it creates a rhythmic, songlike
quality.

If
you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,

But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,

Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,

Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,

And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise
(lines 3-8)

In this case,
rhyming the lines in a distinct pattern creates a rhythm that makes the poem songlike,
and adds to a sense of fun and wonder.