what are the controlled, independent and dependent variables in an experiment, where you test and observe the reactions of acids and...

Without more information about this experiment, it will be
difficult to give you an accurate answer.  

It looks like
you are testing both HCl and HNO3 on a variety of carbonates.  There should only be one
independent variable in any experiment and the list you gave makes me think there is
more than one experiment going on.  

The independent
variable is the variable that you control and that changes in the experiment.  Let’s say
it’s the quantity of acid.  It could also be the time you allow the acid and carbonate
to react or the temperature at which you perform the reaction.  You decide what will be
the independent variable when you craft the experiment.  It can be just about anything. 
Everything else in the experiment should be a controlled
variable. 

If your independent variable is the temperature
of the experiment, you may choose a variety of temperatures to conduct the experiment
but everything else – the quantity of acid and carbonate, the duration of the reaction,
the humidity… will stay the same throughout the experiment.  They are controlled by
you!

The dependant variables are typically what you are
looking for.  They are the products or effects that happen BECAUSE OF your independent
variable.  Going back to our example, let’s say that the amount of CO2 created during
our reactions changed when we increased or decreased the temperature.  We could say that
the amount of CO2 produced was dependant on the temperature of the reaction and CO2
would be the dependant variable.

Take a look at the link
for more info.

Hope this helps!