Are there extrinsic elements such as psychology in The Old Man and the Sea? Please give the analysis.

Certainly any text can be analysed from a psychological
point of view, and this brilliant tale by Hemingway is no exception. One way into
considering this novel psychologically is to consider how love is presented. You might
want to think about how love is depicted as an enduring force that stands against the
profound indifference of the world at large to man's plight. The power of love is of
course most stridently symbolised in the friendship between Santiago and Manolin, which
maintains its closeness even in spite of Santiago's failure. Santiago has taught Manolin
to fish and given him a sense of self-esteem, and Manolin looks after Santiago, running
errands for him and bringing him food. It is only Manolin that understands what Santiago
has endured at the end, weeping for his friend at his
sufferings:

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The boy saw that the old man was breathing and
then he saw the old man's hands and he started to cry. He went out very quietly to go to
bring some coffee and all the way down the road he was
crying.

Psychologically,
therefore, the love that Manolin and Santiago share is shown to be a sustaining force in
the life of Santiago. It is one thing that helps him combat despair and the sense of
failure that threatens to overwhelm him. It is Manolin's devotion to Santiago that
allows him to find the energy to carry on dreaming at the end of the novel, suggesting
the unquenchable nature of the human spirit.