First, let’s orient to the question with some background.
The picaresque tradition is an innovation in literature coming from Spain in the early
1600s. In Spanish, picaro means rogue and
gives the definition to picaresque stories. These are about a roguish hero (rogue:
wanderer and scoundrel who is unprincipled and deceitful) who wanders about and has
adventures involving individuals from all social levels and of all types: from
aristocrats to thieves and from swindlers to the just.
The picaresque
in British literature was influenced by Defoe's Robinson Crusoe
(1719), which was influenced by Cervantes' much earlier Don Quixote
(1615). Both had roguish heroes who wandered and encountered all manner of individual
and had all manner of adventure. Defoe modified the picaresque characteristics by making
the hero more idealised and more chivalric, more like the knight-errant heroes of
medieval courtly romance stories, which the picaresque was developed in reaction to. The
last true Spanish style picaresque work is often recognized by critics to be
Gil Blas written by French author Alain-René Lesage in accordance
with the Spanish picaresque tradition.
The idealization introduced by
Defoe--which became the basis for the heroes of the developing novel--carried in to the
Victorian era. As a result, when Dickens, a Victorian writer, penned an example at the
start of the Victorian era of a picaresque story, The Pickwick
Papers, Pickwick wasn't a very bad scoundrel, only a comically foolish rogue.
In the story, Pickwick starts out on an adventure to collect data bout life. At the
first step away from the home curb, he and his two companions are attacked by angry cab
drivers. This begins his picaresque story of wanderings that begin in Rochester; of
adventures and encounters with questionable people; and of encounters with people of all
ranks and dispositions in life. Each unfolds in an episodic structure (i.e.; occurring
in episodes); each depends upon Pickwick’s quick wits--which may have been a bit slower
than desirable; each reveals new levels of cunning and deceit and
trickery.
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