Discuss how racism is depicted in both Fences and A Raisin in the Sun.

Racism and socio- economic marginalization is present in
both dramas.  Hansberry presents this as a condition that plagues the Younger family. 
The fact that the opening scene is centered around "the check" is representative of
this.  The Younger family is experiencing racial discrimination and economic
marginalization and struggles with how both seek to silence their voices.  The Maxson
family experiences much the same.  Troy's condition as a working man is challenged on
both racial grounds as well as a socio- economic experience that prevents him from fully
embracing a sense of autonomy about his own state of being in the world.  Both families
are pressured by their places in the world and the conditions that surround them both. 
I think that the difference between both is that Hansberry's work presents a note of
redemption as to how families can overcome such a state of being.  In Walter rejecting
Lindner's offer and presenting himself as being willing and embracing the challenge of
living in a neighborhood where there is a chance for success, Hansberry is suggesting
that redemption is possible.  This is not to say that Wilson's drama is condemning, but
rather that his drama is the "anti- Hansberry."  Troy's character is one that cannot
transcend the social, economic, and emotional condition that weighs down on him. 
Whereas Walter's ending reflects that he "will not be spiritually defeated," Troy's
ending is one where he has become a victim to the world and setting that he despises
with so much intensity.  In the end, I think that racism and social reality is depicted
in both dramas with a sense of brutal honesty.  The playwrights do not create an
artificial resolution to such a condition.  Rather, they argue that individuals must
make a conscious choice if they are going to become victimized by such a condition, or
embrace the fight or struggle that is involved in trying to offset the inertia of racism
and social inequality.  In this light, racism is depicted as a condition of the social
order that must be changed.  Yet, until that structural reconfiguration can take place,
individuals must determine how they are going to be agents of change within this
setting.  Through Troy and Walter as well as their families' reaction to racism, a
potential blueprint for what shall be done and how individuals shall live is
offered.

In the poem "We Real Cool" by Gwendolyn Brooks, what purpose do the two lines immediately below the title serve?

Brooks has said that she passed a pool hall during school
hours and saw some boys shooting pool. Instead of asking herself why they weren’t in
school, she contemplated what these boys thought of themselves. She suggested that they
wanted to feel contemptuous for “the establishment.” The month of June represents the
establishment. The establishment is the prejudice within social conditions that has
stifled their opportunities and development. So, they sound contemptuous by declaring
they skip school and drink gin. But there is also a plaintive irony here. They don’t
want to “jazz June” and “die soon.” They feel that is their only
option.

There are seven in the pool hall. This might be
ironic. Seven is a lucky number.

"Golden" is also ironic or
said with a mocking tone. If the name of the pool hall is the “Golden Shovel,” it is
ironic and self-mocking or, once again, mocking the establishment. “Shovel” conjures
images of labor, dirt and digging a grave. Hard labor jobs may be all they can get. They
are treated like dirt. The freedoms and possibilities in their lives are cut short. If
some “die soon,” they claim that their plight is analogous to digging their own
graves.

Put "golden" and "shovel" together and you have a
paradox: a symbol of wealth and success next to a symbol of labor and death. This is
contemptuous and plaintive.

Explain the rhetorical strategy used in the following line "thus passed the year 1943" in Wiesel's novel Night.

The phrase happens early on in the narrative.  This brings
to light that much of what will happen in the book in terms of what is experienced is
going to test how one views time.  That is to say that what Eliezer deems as time
"passed" will be vastly different as the book progresses.  From a thematic point of
view, the point at which Eliezer uses the phrase, Moshe the Beadle has lived through his
own hell and has come back to Sighet to warn the other townspeople of what is in store
for them.  He is greeted with mocking derision and disbelief.  Discredited and rejected,
Moshe recognizes that his cries and warnings are falling upon the deaf ears of people
who go back to their routines.  For his part, Eliezer goes back to his studies and his
father "took care of his business and the community" and "worrying about an appropriate
match for Hilda."  Life passes on without so much as a thought or secondary impulse that
a fraction of what Moshe is saying is or could be true.  The rhetorical use of the
phrase is to bring to light that the insensitivity that was shown to victims of the
Holocaust was first perpetrated amongst one another.  In this light, one real tragic
condition of the Holocaust was that individuals demonstrated the invalidation of
humanity to one another, as it was appropriated by the victims of aggression to one
another.  The fact that the year passes without any recollection or serious rumination
about reports brings this idea out that the Holocaust was the result of an invalidation
of voices from all perspectives.

Can you write a short discriptive paragraph about Bruno in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas or a simple descriptive paragraph?i need a quick...

In the novel, The Boy With the Striped
Pajamas, Bruno is a youngster who is beautifully naive and innocent as the
world around him is overrun by the evil the Nazis in World War II. Although his parents
try to protect him by identifying places that are "off limits," Bruno is childlike in
his need to investigate forbidden territories and to test his boundaries. The child
within also lets Bruno's heart make decisions for him. For instance, Shmuel and Bruno
become fast friends because Bruno is able to see someone very much like himself,
ignoring the fence and Shmuel's unusual attire. When Bruno meets Hitler, his heart tells
him that he does not like the man; and as a guileless youngster, without needing a
logical reason for his decision, Bruno cannot warm up to "the Fury," as his sister
does.

Analyze how the presence of the Europeans affected the physical in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Give supporting quotations from the novel.

There are several clear examples of European influence on
the face of the Congo territory, found in the first section of Joseph Conrad's
Heart of Darkness. At the Lower Station, Marlow is confronted with
the "graveyard" of machines and parts rusting chaotically throughout the area. There
seems to be no sense or reason to the materials strewn about, or why they are being
given up to the elements.

readability="11">

I came upon a boiler wallowing in the grass,
then found a path leading up the hill. It turned aside for the boulders, and also for an
undersized railway-truck lying there on its back with its wheels in the air. One was
off. The thing looked as dead as a carcass of some animal. I came upon more cases of
decaying machinery, a stack of rusty
nails.

Then Marlow describes
how the construction crews are demolishing the land on a nearby cliff with dynamite
blasting, but there seems to be no logical purpose—they do not need to pass through a
mountain or build a road. The blasting is a waste: it has no
purpose.

A
horn tooted to the right, and I saw the black people run. A heavy and dull detonation
shook the ground, a puff of smoke came out of the cliff, and that was all. No change
appeared on the face of the rock. They were building a railway. The cliff was not in the
way or anything; but this objectless blasting was all the work going
on.

Finally, the physical
mark of the Europeans is seen on the people of the Congo. They have been enslaved by the
white Europeans—the employees of the Company—as they rob the land of its resources and
the life from its people. It is as if the very souls of these enslaved human beings have
been liberated from their bodies: they are like
zombies.

A
slight clinking behind me made me turn my head. Six black men advanced in a file,
toiling up the path. They walked erect and slow, balancing small baskets full of earth
on their heads, and the clink kept time with their footsteps...I could see every rib,
the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope; each had an iron collar on his
neck, and all were connected together with a chain...All their meagre breasts panted
together, the violently dilated nostrils quivered, the eyes stared stonily uphill. They
passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete, deathlike
indifference...

In King Lear, what does Cordelia mean when she says to her sisters in Act 1 scene 1, "I know what you are"?

Whenever you are trying to focus on what a specific quote
from a text means it is important that you do two things. Firstly, you must consider
what the character says before and after the quote, and secondly you must consider the
meaning of the quote in the light of the context of that scene or chapter as a
whole.

Cordelia therefore says this quote to her sisters
after she has been exiled by her father for not testifying with sufficient eloquence to
the love that she has for Lear. Having heard Goneril and Regan exaggerate and lie in the
hope of gaining more land, Cordelia shows her love with simplicity and not with
insincere hyperbole. As a result, she receives nothing except being cast out of her
father's kingdom. Cordelia, however, clearly sees through her sisters' plot as this
speech suggests:

readability="13">

The jewels of our father, with washed
eyes

Cordelia leaves you. I know you what you
are,

And like a sister am most loath to
call

Your faults as they are
named.

The quote you
identified signifies the way that Cordelia understands the faults of her sisters and the
game that they are playing. However, being too good a character, she will not denounce
them, only leaving saying to them:

readability="8">

Time shall unfold what plighted cunning
hides.

Who covers faults, at last shame them
derides.

Thus the quote you
have identified signifies the animosity that there lies between Cordelia and her sisters
and likewise testifies to the honesty of Cordelia's character.

What is the significance of Jane Austen's chosen title Persuasion?

In the exact same way that Austen's other titles indicate
her novels' central themes, the title Persuasion indicates that
Austen's central theme deals with Austen's perspective on a person's ability to be
persuaded. In the same way that Austen analyzes the follies and virtues of both pride
and prejudice in Pride and Prejudice and the folly of emotionalism,
or sensibility, in comparison with the virtue of rational thought, or sense, in
Sense and Sensbility, Austen also analyzes both the virtues and
vices of either being easily persuaded or being unable to be
persuaded.

Austen points out that being easily persuaded is a vice:
Anne's heart was broken when she gave in to Lady Russell's advice to not accept
Wentworth's proposal because he currently had no fortune.

Austen also
points out that refusing to be persuaded is a vice:
1)
Louisa nearly died as a consequence of her refusal to be persuaded by Wentworth when he
insisted that jumping down the stairs at Lyme was to dangerous.

2)
Even though Anne is very intelligent and has a reasonable mind, her family refuses to
listen to her advise and be persuaded by her on matters of finance.

3)
When Anne meets Captain Benwick she advises him that reading only poetry depicting
broken hearts and wretched minds may not be the safest thing for him and suggested he
begin reading "our best moralists, such collections of the finest letters, such memoirs
of characters of worth and suffering...[that would] rouse and fortify the mind" (Ch.
11).

What was Malcolm's ultimate life goal in Macbeth?

Malcolm's ultimate goal is to become king and rid Scotland
of the tyrant that Macbeth has become. Malcolm is a kind, benevolent man. He will
ultimately restore order and righteous behavior as coming from the throne of Scotland.

Malcolm desires to help others. He is a caring man. He
only flees temporarily in order to not be killed as his father was. With Macbeth as
king, tyranny is the outcome. Macbeth is in a murdering
frenzy.

In the meantime, Malcolm is building forces
to overtake Macbeth. After learning the Macbeth his murdered his beloved
family, Macduffjoins Malcolm in a plan to take back the kingdom. The plan works and
Macbeth is beheaded by Macduff. Malcolm is restored to the throne and becomes a king
with benevolent motives. Macduff comes to Malcolm with Macbeth's head. Tyranny is
over:

MACDUFF

Hail, king! for so thou art: behold, where stands 
The
usurper's cursed head: the time is free: 
I see thee compass'd with thy
kingdom's pearl,
That speak my salutation in their minds; 
Whose
voices I desire aloud with mine: 
Hail, King of
Scotland! 

ALL 

Hail, King of
Scotland! 

Flourish 

MALCOLM 

We
shall not spend a large expense of time 
Before we reckon with your several
loves, 
And make us even with you. My thanes and
kinsmen, 
Henceforth be earls, the first that ever Scotland 
In such
an honour named. What's more to do, 
Which would be planted newly with the
time, 
As calling home our exiled friends abroad 
That fled the
snares of watchful tyranny; 
Producing forth the cruel ministers 
Of
this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen, 
Who, as 'tis thought, by self and
violent hands
Took off her life; this, and what needful else 
That
calls upon us, by the grace of Grace, 
We will perform in measure, time and
place: 
So, thanks to all at once and to each one, 
Whom we invite
to see us crown'd at Scone.

In what sense can both Laertes and Hamlet be regarded as victors in Hamlet?

This is a really interesting question to consider, and the
way to approach it, in my opinion, is to think about how, although both Laertes and
Hamlet obviously die, in their deaths they achieve peace with themselves and revenge
against their common enemy: Claudius.

Laertes seems to
undergo a kind of epiphany before he dies, when he realises how he has been used and
manipulated by Claudius. His confession of their plot and then the way that he is able
to see Claudius being punished and killed for his transgressions enable him to die
"victorious" in a sense, because he recognises who the real villain is and exchanges
forgiveness with Hamlet:

readability="9">

Exchange forgiveness with me, noble
Hamlet;

Mine and my father's death come not upon
thee,

Nor thine on
me.

Thus having made peace
with Hamlet and with himself, Laertes could be argued to die
victorious.

Hamlet, too, can be argued to be victorious by
the kind of death he achieves. He dies having avenged his father, relinquishing his
kingdom to Fortinbrass whom he identifies as his natural heir and also ensures that
Horatio will not kill himself so he can stay to tell Hamlet's story. His last line, "The
rest is silence," can finally indicate a victory over the conflict that dogs Hamlet
throughout the play, when he can embrace death because he has done what the Ghost asked
of him. The sense of peace that Hamlet has at the beginning of the final scene in his
conversation with Horatio is now fulfilled, and he can do what he has always wanted to
do: to die and leave this "harsh world," as he tells Horatio.

How much education was available to women in colonial times?

If you are talking about colonial times in what is now the
United States, the answer is that there was very little in the way of
formal education available to
women.

In early colonial times, there was not much in the
way of public education.  The New England colonies did have some schools, but even in
those schools the only education that girls received was reading (so they could read the
Bible) and needlework.  In other colonies, there was less in the way of education.  As
the link below points out, even in New England, only about 30% of women were able to
read and write.

Some upper class women could become pretty
well educated, but not through schools.  Women like these might learn a great deal from
their parents' libraries, for example.   Abigail Adams was one example of a colonial
woman who became pretty well educated in this way.

Overall,
then, there was very little formal education available to any women in the
colonies.

How is the last scene in Of Mice and Men dramatic?John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men

Interestingly, Steinbeck's novella Of Mice and
Men, with a single setting for each section--a secluded grove, a bunkhouse, a
barn--was conceived by the author as a potential play.  After the tragic occurrence in
the barn in which Lennie, in his anxiety about keeping Curley's wife quiet,
inadvertently breaks her neck, the scene concludes as the book as begun, in the secluded
grove. 

However, this time the grove's role as refuge
becomes a much more dramatic one. Whereas it was the little field mouse which is dead
and cast into the "darkening brush," in the final action of George, it is, instead,
his friend, whose well-meaning intentions have gone awry as in Robert Burn's poem, "To a
Mouse," that he sends into the "darkening brush" of death.  And, in contrast to
his uncaring toss of the mouse, a loving George tells Lennie to look out at the river,
as though he can envision the haven about which they have so long
dreamt.

With dramatic irony, Lennie begs George, "Le' do it
now.  Le's get that place now."  And, George replies, "Sure, right now.  I gotta.  We
gotta." 

Then, the pathos of George's hand shaking
violently as he prepares to shoot his friend
is powerful:

readability="17">

The crash of the shot rolled up the hills and
rolled down again.  Lennie jarred, and then settled slowly forward to the sand, and he
lay without quivering.

George shivered and looked at the
gun, and then he threw it from him, back up on the bank, near the pile of old ashes.
[Where they made a fire in chapter one.]  The brush seemed filled with cries and with
the sound of running feet.

George sat stiffly on the bank
and looked at his right hand that had thrown the gun
away.

The rounding out of the
narrative with its allsion to the first chapter whose action is in marked contrast to
the action of the conclusion is dramatically effective as the significance of
Steinbeck's title becomes apparent.  The death of the dream with the death of Lennie is
poignant, indeed, as Steinbeck employs sound imagery that effectively illustrates the
jarring emotions within
George. 

How does Hosseini present point of view in order to tell the story of The Kite Runner?Can you help me on the different point of views? Much...

Author Khaled Hosseini uses a variety of literary devices
to present his point of view in The Kite Runner. The protagonist,
Amir, serves as the constant narrator with the exception of Chapter 16, when the
narration is taken over by Rahim Khan. Since the story is actually told by Amir in
retrospect, the reader is given a glimpse of many different aspects of his personality
and inner consciousness. Amir shifts constantly from dialogue to long descriptive
passages. Because he tells his story from an adult perspective, Amir's reflection upon
past events allows for such devices as foreshadowing, flashback, imagery and
metaphorical symbolism. The reader also is given a basic lesson in the Farsi and Pashtun
language: Hosseini's characters use many common Afghan words, usually followed
by translations. Internal monologue is also used frequently to describe the inner
feelings of Amir and other characters.

Why does the price level increase when aggregate demand increases?

This is the basic principle of supply and demand and is at
the heart of any market-based economy. Essentially, you must look at supply as the
quantity that is available of a given product. Demand refers to the relative number of
people who want that product. The greater the demand, the harder it is for the supply to
meet that demand. Producers can only create a certain amount of any one product in a
given amount of time and with a sometimes limited set of resources needed to create that
product. As a result, quantities (supplies) are limited, making them more valuable and,
consequently, making people who can afford to pay more willing to pay more. Sometimes,
even people who cannot afford to pay are willing to pay the price if the demand is great
enough. Conversely, when the supply ourweighs the demand, you end uo with a surplus. The
suppliers have created a product that consumers are not purchasing rapidly enough. In
this case, proces will be dropped in order to encourage people to buy the product and
reduce the supply.

For a look at some relevant graphs
explaining the process, see the following resource:

What does the last scene in A Streetcar Named Desire suggest?

In all honesty, the last scene demonstrates some fairly
unsettling truths about human beings.  Blanche is shown to be tattered emotionally,
depending "on the kindness of strangers" and going off to her own doom, taking long
strides in the process.  The poker game between the guys goes on, and while there is a
bit of an outrage, no one says or does anything.  Stella recognizes that committing her
sister to institutionalization might have been a mistake, but she is cooed back into
submission through Stanley, who is the "winner," but if he is the force of victory,
humanity's redemption is in trouble.  The reality brought out in the last scene reminds
the viewer/ reader of the lack of totality or overall redemption within human
consciousness.  It is Williams' stinging coldness in the last scene that forces the
belief that if "life continues," it might do so at the cost of specific individuals. 
There is an ending, not a good or bad one, but rather a cold one, reflecting what
Williams might see as the root of all human interaction.

The Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant SinghThe grandmother's actions more than her appearance reveal her true beauty. Explain how??

Here,author wants to say that her grandma had an inherent
beauty.

As far as looks are concerned,his granny was not
pretty but BEAUTIFUL....because of the nature she
possessed.

As we can infer from the context that she was
his constant companion and epitome of courage, peace, truth and contentment.It is  clear
that her actions are worth and priceless and revealed her true inner
beauty...

When Miss Havisham's relatives visit,what is revealed about Matthew Pocket, a relative who is not present at the gathering?This is in Great...

When Pip is recalled to Satis house, he notices some
people who immediately stop talking when he enters the room.  Pip notices that they are
"toadies and humbugs," flatterers and people who are not what they pretend to be. 
Shortly, Miss Havisham tells Pip to wait for her in another room where he can work for
her.  In this room, every "discernible thing in it was covered with dust and mold, and
dropping to pieces.  There is a table on which a centerpiece sits., a decaying cake. 
Spiders and mice abound.  Miss Havisham lays a hand upon Pip's shoulder and with the
help of her cane, she walks around the table, telling Pip she will be laid upon this
very table after she dies. 

After a short period, the
relatives, the Pockets, enter, flattering Miss Havisham by saying that she looks well. 
When Camilla Pocket says,

readability="7">

"There's Matthew!...Never mixing with any natural
ties, never coming here to see how Miss Havisham
is!"

Miss Havisham stops and
stares at Camilla.  She sternly replies to this remark about Matthew's never coming on
her birthday,

readability="6">

Matthew will come and see me at last...when I am
laid on that table. That will be his place--there...at my
head!...."

She points out the
others' places, then she dismisses them.  After she leaves, Miss Havisham informs Pip
that it is her birthday.  Much later in Dicken's narrative, it is revealed that Matthew
Pocket had tried to warn Miss Havisham about the man she planned to marry, but she would
not hear him; instead, she forbade him to ever come to her house.  This injunction
against Matthew is why he does not visit Miss Havisham.  Realizing now that he was right
in his judgment of the groom, Miss Havisham now reserves a place at the head of the
table for her cousin.

What is Cheever's attitude toward Neddy in "The Swimmer" and how does the story's point of view showcase it?

The story The Swimmer, by John
Cheever is written in a limited, third-person, omniscient, and objective point of view.
This is a literary technique often chosen by authors to allow the reader to create their
own conjectures as to what is going on in the minds of the characters, and as a way to
include the reader in the resolution of the plot.

However,
Cheever is clear in that his purpose with Neddy is to use him as a poster-boy for
a corporate, business-hungry, and shallow America. This being said, Cheever's attitude
towards Neddy shows that his main character is selfish, empty, and somewhat
cold-hearted. Cheever clearly does not bestow much honor upon
Neddy.

If we analize this, Neddy is not unlike the rest of
his cronies in the story. They all talk about nothing but business, even during parties.
They even talk about people behind their backs. Neddy, particularly, is hedonistic and
self-centered. His stint of swimming was his own way of trying to cope with the fact
that he was a ruined man.

Concisely, Cheever uses Neddy to
expose how people can become so consumed with ambition that they can lose track of
everything else in life.

what is the value of x in for which 2sin(1/2x)-cos(2x)=1?

If the first term is sin(x/2), then we'll use the half
angle identity:

sin(x/2) = sqrt[(1-cos
x)/2]

We'll use the double angle identity for the 2nd
term:

cos 2x = 2(cos x)^2 -
1

2sqrt[(1-cos x)/2] - 2(cos x)^2 + 1 =
1

We'll eliminate 1 both
sides:

2sqrt[(1-cos x)/2] - 2(cos x)^2 =
0

We'll divide by
2:

sqrt[(1-cos x)/2] - (cos x)^2 =
0

We'll move (cos x)^2 to the
right:

sqrt[(1-cos x)/2] = (cos
x)^2

We'll raise to
square:

(1-cos x)/2 = (cos
x)^4

1-cosx - 2(cos x)^4 =
0

We'll write 2(cos x)^4 = (cos x)^4 + (cos
x)^4

(1 - (cos x)^4) - cos x(1 + (cos x)^3) =
0

(1-cos x)(1+cos x)((1 + cos x)^4) - - cos x(1+cos x)(1 +
cos x + (cos x)^2) = 0

(1 + cos x)[(1 - cos x)(1 + (cos
x)^4) - cos x(1 + cos x +  (cos x)^2)] = 0

1 + cos x =
0

cos x = -1

x =
pi

The solution of the equation in the
interval (0 , 2pi) is x = pi.

What means zero derivative for the function y=x^2-6x+3?

Zero derivative of a function means that the function has
a local extreme point, minimum or maximum, for a root of 1st derivative of the
function.

The root of derivative represents the critical
point of the function.

Usually, we'll determine zero
derivative when we want to find out the extreme points of the
function.

For instance, we want to determine the zero
derivative of the function:

y = x^2 - 6x +
3

dy/dx = 2x - 6

2x - 6 =
0

2x = 6

x =
3

So, x = 3 is the zero derivative and
it represents the critical point and f(3)=9 - 18 + 3 = -6 => f(3) = -6 represents
the minimum point of the function.

What are the differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?I need to compare and contrast the differences between the leaders and...

During the state conventions that considered whether to
adopt the Constitution that had been written in the Philadelphia Convention, Federalists
were for the adoption of the Constitution while Anti-federalists were some of them
against adopting it and other for adopting it only if it was first
amended.

Federalists wanted a strong central government
that would rule the people of the United States directly and not through the state
governments.  Anti-federalists wanted a weak central government that would serve the
governments of the states by performing those functions of government that could be
better preformed by one authority than by 13 different authorities, such as defense and
diplomacy.  Other functions of government would be performed by the states, not by the
federal government.

Federalist were for a system of strong
federal courts while Anti-federalists were for limits on the federal courts.  For
example, Anti-federalists were opposed to the U.S. Supreme Court having original
jurisdiction to hear suits between a state and a citizen of another state.  The suit
would be about the laws of the state involved, so it should be heard by the courts of
that state.  This power and other powers given to the U.S. courts would result in the
destruction of both the judicial function and the legislative function of the state
governments.  Federalists were for this original jurisdiction and for the U.S. courts
having the power of review and veto over the enactments of the state legislatures and
the decisions of the state courts.

The Federalists were for
the federal government having the power to raise taxes directly from the people.  They
said that without this power, the U.S. could not have an effective defense nor an
effective diplomacy, nor could it repay foreign debts contracted by the government.  The
Anti-federalists opposed this and were for the federal government getting its money from
the state governments.  They said that without this check on the federal government, it
would become tyrannical over the people and the states.

The
Anti-federalists were against the federal government having the power to federalize the
state militias.  The Federalists were for this power.

The
Federalists wanted one commercial policy for the whole country; the Anti-federalists
wanted more flexibility in commercial policies to fit the needs of people in different
parts of the country.  The Anti-federalists thought that powerful commercial interests
would use the government to subject some regions of the country to the commercial
servitude of other regions, if the government were given this power.  George Mason, a
plantation master and Anti-federalist thought that any commercial laws passed by the
U.S. Congress should have the approval of 3/4 of those present and voting.  He had
helped draft the U.S. Constitution in the Philadelphia Convention, but he refused to
sign it because it did not make this provision.

There were
other differences.

href="http://www.libertyfund.org/details.aspx?id=2125">http://www.libertyfund.org/details.aspx?id=2125

Solve the following exponential application problem involving half life of a substance.Plutonium-239 has a half-life of 24,000 years. A rule of...

If it is given that radioactive wastes have to be stored
for a duration of time equal to 10 half-lives, that is the period for which it has to be
securely stored before it is harmless.

A half life is the
duration of time over which a substance degrades so that only half of the initial amount
is left at the end of the duration. 10 half-lives would leave behind an amount equal to
1/2^10 of the initial amount.

As far as your question goes,
if you need to find how long to store the plutonium if it has to be stored for 10 half
lives, the answer is obtained by simply multiplying the half life by 10. Here, as the
half life is 24000 years we get 24000*10 = 240,000
years.

The required duration that the
Plutonium 239 has to be stored for is 240,000
years.

I don't have a clue how to answer this, any suggestions?These hormonal imbalances (shown in many different species, including rats & humans;...

Both genetics and life experience play an important role
in how an individual develops. I think this question may be asking if homosexuality is
something a person is born with, or something that is learned as the individual grows.
Researchers have argued for and against both sides but I think it is safer to say that
it is both nature and nurture. I believe they both work together in the formation of an
individual.

It is true that hormonal imbalances (and many
other factors) play a role in a developing fetus. These factors determine everything
from physical characteristics to personality. There is no doubt about that. I think that
factors such as hormonal imbalances in relation to "syndromes" is more related to
nature. I think the reason for homosexuality is more debated. Many people will argue
that homosexuality is due to hormonal imbalances, etc. while others will say is to due
to environmental factors, such as abuse or having gay
parents.

More and more people believe now days that
homosexuality is not an issue really related to anything, rather it is just how that
person is.

What does Madame Defarge say about dolls and birds in A Tale of Two Cities?Chapter 15 in Book the Second

Chapter XV of Book the Second of A Tale of Two
Cities finds the mender of roads escorted into the wineshop by Ernest Defarge
and introduced to Madame Defarge.  In the wineshop, there there has been more than
ordinary drinking, and drinking of a sour wine.  Defarge introduces the blue-capped
mender of roads as "Jacques," and he relates what he has seen on the road. He has seen
the Marquis's carriage pass by with a man hanging onto the bottom of the carriage.  This
man had escaped when the Marquis called for him, but he has been "unluckily" found.  The
guards force him along as he is bound and has become lame.  When he falls the guards
laugh; all the village whispers by the fountain. 

As the
mender of roads passes the prison, he sees the man; he  regards the mender "like a dead
man."  As Defarge and the other Jacques listen, they assume the air of a tribunal as the
mender continues.  He tells them that there was a petition for the man's life; the
mender says that the petition is presented to the King himself.  But, the men at the
fountain whisper that the prisoner will be executed as having committed patricide, and
he receives a torturous death as his arm is torn from him and he has lost both legs. 
Finally, in the morning the prisoner hangs from a gallows over the water, poisoning it. 
After this story has been told, the Jacques put their heads together:  "To be registered
as doomed to destruction...the chateau and all the race."  The Evremonde family is of
interest to Mme. Defarge. 

On the following day, the King
and Queen pass by on the road, and there is much fanfare played. When the mender of
roads is so taken by their jewels and siliks and splendour that he cheers.  Wondering if
he has failed in the eyes of the Defarges, he asks  if he has made a mistake.  Defarge
tells him that he is the kind they want to deceive the aristocrats so they will suspect
nothing when the time comes. Mme. Defarge tells him that if he were to set upon a heap
of dolls, he would pick the finest, would he not?  And, she asks him if
he

"were shown
a flock of birds, unable to fly, and were set upon them to strip them of their feather
for your own advantage, you would set upon the finest feathers; would you
not?"

Today, Mme. Defarge
continues the metaphor, he has seen both dolls and birds. Soon, the revolutionaries will
"set upon" and "pluck" these dolls and birds, the aristocrats. And, it will be the time
of the Jacques to hand their own victims, just as the poor peasant has been
hung.

Why does Amir constantly test Hassan's loyalty in The Kite Runner?

Amir is jealous over his father's attention to Hassan. He
does not understand why his father would treat the son of a servant so lavishly. Amir's
relationship with his father is a constant source of turmoil for him. He feels he never
receives the love and attention an only  son should have. Though Amir loves Hassan
deeply as a friend, some inner conflict that he is not even aware of leads him to
continually test Hassan's friendship. Afterwards, Amir is consumed with remorse for
having treated his friend so poorly. At the end of the novel, Amir will learn why this
conflict occurs. Hassan never waivers in his loyalty to Amir, despite the "testing" he
so frequently must endure.

Expand & Simplify -3/4(3x+2)-2

To solve this exercise properly, you'll have to write it
according to mathematic rules.

For instance, because of the
lack of brackets, we do not know if the first factor is the fraction (-3/4) or just
(4).

If it is (4), we'll solve it in this
way:

-3/(12x + 8) - 2 (we have opened the brackets from
denominator)

We'll multiply -2 by the denominator
(12x+8)

(-3 - 2*(12x +
8))/(12x+8)

(-3 - 24x - 16)/(12x +
8)

We'll combine like
terms:

(-19-24x)/(12x +
8)

The  result of the expression above,
written in this manner -3/4(3x+2)-2, is (-19-24x)/(12x +
8).

In Carver's "Cathedral," how does the point of view contribute to the effectiveness of the story?

Carver’s choice of first-person point of view for the
narrator in “Cathedral” provides a clearer portal of view into the feelings, attitudes,
and isolation of the narrator, who is never named aside from the nickname of “bub” given
him by Robert. When the narrator “speaks,” his mood and inner traits are revealed by his
tone of “voice.” This adds to the effectiveness of the story because we hear things he
doesn't directly or intentionally reveal; as a result, we know him at a deeper
level.

For instance, the narrator’s resentment of others’ close
relationships with his wife, who is also never named, is apparent from comments he
makes. For example, his remarks, “we didn’t ever get back to the tape. Maybe it was just
as well. I’d heard all I wanted to. … Now this same blind man was coming over to sleep
in my house,” are bitingly negative when he speaks of the tape recording they listened
to (but during which they were interrupted) and of Robert’s upcoming overnight stay: the
narrator is bristling with resentment that is indirectly revealed in his tone.

In another instance, the narrator’s fear of unknown people is
unintentionally made apparent in other comments he makes, such as the way he always
makes references to Robert as blind:

readability="7">

“I don’t have any blind friends,” I
said.
She had this blind man by his coat sleeve.
The blind man let
go of his suitcase and up came his
hand.

The fear of others that
the narrator unintentionally reveals adds to the effectiveness of the story by drawing
us deeper into an experience of his psyche since his feelings, though unintentionally
revealed, are as veiled for us as they are for him. Incidentally, the reference to
Robert’s blindness is a metaphor for the narrator’s general isolation, which he and
Robert dissolve together when they move hand-in-hand through the motions of drawing the
cathedral--a spiritual sanctuary.

If a third-person narrator had told
us the character is resentful and fearful--and had named him--the perception of his
isolation would be reduced. In other words, the narrator would be connected in some
degree to the character in order for him/er to reveal the character to us. Also, if a
third-person narrator were narrating the crucial climactic moments of the story, the
immediacy and sense of participation would be reduced. In other words, being told about
their two hands moving together by a third-person witness reduces our own experience of
the moment, whereas a first-person narrator allows us the parallel experience of having
our minds move together with the narrator’s while his hand moves together with Robert’s.

As a result of this parallelism, this unity of movement, which is
created by the first-person narrator, we feel for ourselves the possibility of
connectedness with others--the possibility of deliverance from isolation--as the
narrator discovers it. This imparts and empowers Carver’s message rather than merely
tells it as a third-person narrator would do. These are some important ways in which the
first-person point of view contributes to the effectiveness of Carver’s
story.

How is Brutus a tragic hero?I have an exam coming up on and the essay will be based around Julius Caesar. I have been making some practice...

Brutus is a tragic hero for several reasons. Most
important, his character flaw, allowing others to twist his virtues to their own causes,
is the cause of his downfall. He is so honorable that he is unable to see dishonor in
others. In addition, he is a high status character --he is an esteemed general and
political leader in Rome.

Do you know any famous passages in Shoeless Joe?

I think that Kinsella's work does not feature much in way
of passages that are famous or stand out on their own.  Yet, I think that there are a
coupe of important passages that really help to bring out the theme of the work.  When
Ray describes his love of the land, it is highly significant.  It reflects that there is
a level of love or passion that is intrinsic, critical to the definition of a human
being.  This love that Ray articulates lays outside the realm of materialism, social
status, or being seen in the eyes of others.  It is a pure love, something that is an
externalization of one's own passions.  In much the same way, Shoeless Joe describes his
love for playing baseball in a manner that shows this intrinsic passion.  When he argues
that money was not important for him in the playing of the game, it is reflective of
Ray's speech about the love for his land.  In both characters' passages, one sees a
common thread regarding their character in how both view reality.  There is a domain of
passion or zeal that must live outside of the external love.  Consciousness, or one's
state of being in the world, is a process where one must "hear" that voice within and
act upon in it for it is a reflection of one's own true sense of being.  I think that
both of these passages bring this idea out in a very powerful
manner.

Why were the reserve clause and free agency such hot button issues for so long in professional baseball?

These were hot button issues because the reserve clause
represented the old way in which owners of sports teams completely controlled their
players while the idea of free agency was what the players wanted as a way to assert
their independence and to make more money.

Before Curt
Flood challenged the reserve clause, players could not move from team to team without
the permission of the owner.  This meant that the players essentially had no way to
force owners to pay them commensurate to their worth.  The owners would simply dictate
what salaries the players would make and the players had not choice but to take
them.

The reserve clause was a symbol of an older, more
patriarchal America where authority was always obeyed.  Free agency was and is a symbol
of a more modern America where everyone pushes for their rights.

Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird covers a time span of three years. How does Harper Lee keep the reader interested? Include what she does and...

I have read and reread To Kill a
Mockingbird many times and have never found it to be tedious at any time.
Harper Lee keeps the reader interested in many different ways: Her array of characters
rank among the best of any novel; and by creating Atticus, she developed one of the
pre-eminent characters in all American literature. (The character was further
immortalized by his unforgettable cinematic portrayal by Gregory Peck--one of film's
most enduring and best-loved roles.) The novel takes on a highly realistic tone
throughout, and author Harper Lee explores many social themes: racial injustice, mental
instability, and the loss of innocence being just a few. Perhaps my favorite aspect of
the novel is the humor that the author injects through the narration of the main
character, Scout. It contains both youthful views of routine life and a more mature
perspective seen in retrospect through her eyes as an adult. By the end of the novel,
Lee beautifully connects the two main plots--that of the mysterious Boo Radley, and the
chilling injustice of the Tom Robinson trial--into one breathtaking finale. Scout
endures the learning experience of a lifetime in the three years that encompass the
novel, and the upbeat ending leaves the reader drooling for the sequel that never
came.

How much money should be invested in an account that earns 8% annual interest compounded monthly in order to have $4,000 in 5 years?

We are asked to find the amount of money which must be
invested to have $4000 in an account at the end of five years if the annual interest
rate is 8% compounded monthly.

We will use the following
formula:

=>A(t) = P( 1 + r/n)
^nt

P = principal

A = the
amount after t years

r = the investment
rate

n= number of times interest compounds per
year

t = number of
years

=>  A(t) = P( 1 + r/n)
^nt

=>  4000 = P ( 1 +
.08/12)^12(5)

=>  4000 =
1.4898P

=>   2684.92 =
P

The amount to invest is
2684.92.

How could psychological criticism of The Yellow Wallpaper help to enlarge a reader's understanding of the story?

I think that an analysis of Post Partum Depression and the
social effects of repression on women can help to enhance one's understanding of the
story.  It helps to explain both the women's reaction to her predicament and the
profoundly frustrating element of social inertia to understanding the psychological
condition of women.  The familiar refrain of "needing rest" is used as a way to
psychologically repress the narrator, causing the fragmentation of her mind.  Reading
into the psychological dimension of socialized repression of women enhances the
understanding of the protagonist and the circumstances surrounding her.  At the same
time, since mental illness occupies so much importance in the narraitve, a psychological
criticism would enhance one's grasp and understanding of it.  Going beyond the
traditional diagnosis of women's condition as a "case of the nerves," a psychological
reading yield much more profound insight:

readability="10">

Left with no real means of expression or escape,
the narrator represses her anger and frustration and succumbs to insanity. Greg Johnson
emphasizes this theme in an essay for Studies in Short Fiction in which he notes that
the story 'traces the narrator's gradual identification with her own suppressed rage,
figured as a woman grasping the bars of her prison and struggling frantically to get
free."

In Animal Farm, how does Squealer use language to control the animals?

Squealer represents the propaganda machine in Communist
Soviet Union.  He twists meanings and carefully selects words in order to serve
Napoleon's purpose and get the pigs to fall in line with Napoleon's unjust policies.  He
often takes advantage of the animals' lack of education by using long words and
complicated phrasing in order to fool the animals into thinking Napoleon's policies are
in the animals' own best interest. Some examples of this is when Napoleon makes the
commandment "Four legs good, two legs bad," the birds originally complain since this
excludes them.  Squealer confuses and ultimately appeases the animals by saying, "A wing
is an object of propulsion, not maniuplation.  Therefore, a wing should be regarded as a
leg."  In another example, the animals are working longer hours and getting smaller
rations than ever.  Squealer gets them to accept this by saying the extra working day is
not mandatory; however, rations will be cut for those who don't work it.  Anyone with
any intelligence could see the exploitation here, but Squealer uses words in a crafty
way to confuse the uneducated masses into working harder to help the pigs
prosper.

Identify one major theme that is common in The Grapes of Wrath and To Kill A Mockingbird.

Between Harper Lee's To Kill a
Mockingbird and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath,
there are several themes both stories have in common, such as "hope," "class conflict,"
"fanaticism," and "the individual vs society."

In
To Kill a Mockingbird, "fanaticism" would be synonymous with
"prejudice," and "class conflict" would parallel "racial conflict." This answer refers
to the theme of "the individual [man] vs society."

In
To Kill a Mockingbird, the individual vs
society is seen several times. Dolphus Raymond is a white landowner in
Maycomb County. However, he lives with a black woman and they have several children.
This is not well-received by his neighbors: individual vs society.
Raymond carries around a brown sack with a bottle in it. Everyone thinks it has liquor
in it. When the court case sickens Dill, Raymond offers the boy a drink, and though
Scout worries, Dill calms her by announcing that it's nothing but
"Coca-Cola."

When asked why he keeps up the pretense,
Raymond explains that it gives the people in town a reason they can live with—something
to blame his behavior on:

readability="14">

"…why do I pretend? Well, it's very simple," he
said. "Some folks don't—like the way I live. Now I could say hell with 'em, I don't care
if they don't like it. I do say I don't care if they don't like it, right enough…When I
come to town…if I weave…and drink out of this sack, folks can say [he's] in the clutches
of whiskey…He can't help himself, that's why he lives the way he
does.

Tom Robinson has been
accused of raping a white woman, and the town is ready to lynch him. A mob appears one
night while Atticus is guarding the jail—a group of white men have arrived to carry out
their own form of justice. This is man vs. society (for Atticus
and Tom).

Atticus also has to deal
with man vs society in that many of his neighbors and members of
Maycomb censures him because he is defending a black man. Even Jem and Scout face the
same difficulties with their classmates, family members and
neighbors.

In The Grapes of Wrath, a
story of migrant families traveling the country looking for work and the American Dream
after the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the idea of the individual vs society is prevalent
also.

Tom Joad who began the story watching out only for
himself—and keeping his prison record a secret—changes throughout the novel until he
decides to help others. By the end, Tom is...

readability="7">

...able to recognize the nature and needs of
others, [especially regarding] migrant farm laborers in
California.

Here the
individual (Tom) decides to take on society (in a very big way) by uniting migrant
workers.

Ma Joad, also, is a woman who is committed to
fighting the pitfalls society places in her way and her family's way. She assumes a
leadership role within her family, and does all she can to protect them. Whatever
society throws at her, and there are plenty of hardships she has to face, she is strong
and resilient.

Finally, we see man vs
society in the case of Jim Casey, a Christ-like figure in the story. He has
chosen to dedicate himself to helping others. When it looks as if Tom will be arrested
for beating an officer of the law at the Hooverville, Jim takes the
blame. He goes to jail instead of Tom. He later becomes an activist, "reappear[ing] as a
strike leader and union organizer." For this, he is eventually killed. Both of these
examples demonstrate Jim pitted against society.

What can you determine about the relationship between Walter and Beneatha based on the Ocomogosiay scene?

Walter is making fun of Beneatha. She is wearing African
attire. She is dancing to African music when Walter comes in drunk. He thinks the whole
idea of studying one's African roots and culture is ridiculous. Of course, Walter is a
bitter black man. He feels that he has little hope to make it in a white's man's
world.

Walter does not understand why Beneatha is so
interested in learning about her African roots and culture. He and Beneatha are such
opposites. He works from day to day to get by. Beneatha dreams of becoming a doctor.
This is also another idea that Walter thinks is ridiculous. He insists she use common
sense and become something reasonable, such as a
nurse.

Clearly, Walter and Beneatha do not see eye to eye
on anything. He criticizes her for caring about her African roots and culture. She
criticizes him for being a dreamer. Walter desires to open a liquor store, an idea that
Beneatha thinks is preposterous, especially since he drinks so much
himself.

Why did Sikandar (Alexander the Great) fail in his ambition and by whom he killed?

I will assume you are using the Persian "Sikander" (also
spelled Sekandar), better known as Alexander the Great of Macedon. It has come down
through history that he developed an illness while in Babylon and died from it. The
Shahnameh, an epic Persian poem written c.
1000 CE by Abolqasem Ferdowsi, simply says, "...he fell sick, and he knew that
his end was approaching."

The New
England Journal of Medicine claimed to have cracked the case in 1998, saying
it was probably typhoid fever. It will never be known for sure as there are no reliable
medical records from 323 BCE and has been the source of much discussion, usually
involving poison.

As for Alexander failing in his ambition,
I will assume that you mean the conquest of India. His first ambition was to do what his
father failed at, defeating Persia. He was successful at that, and followed up that
triumph with the conquest of Egypt. By the time he reached India, his men had marched a
long way and fought for five years. After Alexander defeated Porus and his elephants he
realized that India was larger than he had thought and his men begged him to let them go
home. It was on his way back to Macedon when he died.

What is the setting of The Skin I'm In by Sharon Flake?

In any work of literature, the setting is an important
element of the story which helps to set the scene and establish the mood and atmosphere
around which characters develop and the plot progresses. The setting includes not only
the physical location or place but the time period and the social context in which it
takes place. Understanding the impact of these factors on the characters makes the story
believable and improves the flow. 

In The Skin
I'm In by Sharon Flake, Maleeka Madison is a seventh-grade student who is
coming to terms with her own identity and with how others see her. She struggles to
separate herself from certain opinions which then dominate her belief in herself and
confound her attempts to have a positive self-image. The book was published in 2000 but
the difficulties Maleeka has with establishing her identity are relevant to any time
period and give the book its universal appeal. 

McClenton
Middle School is the name of Maleeka's school, and, in terms of the social context, it
becomes clear from various interactions throughout the story that most of the students
are African-American, living in an urban area, a bus trip away from Washington D.C.
which the reader knows because it was on a trip to Washington D.C. when Caleb did not
step in to stop the other children teasing Maleeka. Maleeka's mother makes Maleeka's
clothes and Maleeka dislikes this because she stands out as being
poor.

Caleb is different from the other boys and sees
something special in Maleeka. The reader also knows that Caleb and his father volunteer
at a local homeless shelter at weekends and that there is an old-age home. This reveals
a community atmosphere in terms of the setting.

How is the life of Eliza changed through the experiment in Pygmalion?

This is an interesting question, because I would want to
argue that the biggest change that is evident in Eliza by the end of this excellent play
is actually internal. It is easy to focus on the success of Higgins's experiment, and
the way that he is able to pass Eliza off as a upper-class lady, and certainly we see
that Eliza is treated very differently by all concerned compared to when she was a
caterwauling cockney flower seller. However, at the same time, the biggest and most
enduring change comes with the epiphany that Eliza experiences after her success and the
way that she is treated with complete indifference by Higgins, who has given no thought
at all to her future. The way that she is treated by Pickering, by contrast, who has
always been kind and polite to her from the beginning, even when she was a flower girl,
teaches her this important truth:

readability="17">

You see, really and truly, apart from the things
anyone can pick up (the dressing and the proper way of speaking, and so on), the
difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves, but how she's
treated. I shall always be a flower girl to Professor Higgins, because he always treats
me as a flower girl, and always will; but I know I can be a lady to you, because you
always treat me as a lady, and always
will.

The enduring change
that is produced in Eliza is therefore not in her outward appearance, how she looks and
speaks, but in the knowledge that the true indication of a person's worth is not to be
discovered in such outer trappings.

Provee the identity (4-i*square root6)/(2-i*square root6)=(square root3+2i*square root2)/(square root3+i*square root2)

We have to prove that (4 - i*sqrt 6)/(2 - i*sqrt 6)=(sqrt
3 + 2i*sqrt 2)/(sqrt 3 + i*sqrt 2)

The left hand
side:

(4 - i*sqrt 6)/(2 - i*sqrt
6)

multiply the numerator and denominator by (2 + i*sqrt
6)

=> (4 - i*sqrt 6)*(2 + i*sqrt 6)/(2 - i*sqrt
6)*(2 + i*sqrt 6)

=> (8 + 4*i*sqtr 6 - 2*i*sqrt 6 +
6)/(4 + 6)

=> (14 + 2*i*sqtr
6)/10

=> (7 + i*sqrt
6)/5...(1)

The right hand
side:

(sqrt 3 + 2i*sqrt 2)/(sqrt 3 + i*sqrt
2)

multiply the numerator and denominator by (sqrt 3 -
i*sqrt 2)

=> (sqrt 3 + 2i*sqrt 2)*(sqrt 3 - i*sqrt
2)/(sqrt 3 + i*sqrt 2)*(sqrt 3 - i*sqrt 2)

=> (3 +
2i*sqrt 6 - i*sqrt 6 + 4) / (3 + 2)

=> (7 + i*sqrt
6)/5 ...(2)

As (1) and (2) are the same the identity is
proved.

The identity is proved
as both the sides are equal to (7 + i*sqrt
6)/5.

What are some of the literary devices in "Ode on a Grecian Urn"?

Well, a good place to start is looking at the first stanza
of this excellent poem and seeing the number of metaphors that are contained even in the
first three lines. Let us remember that a metaphor is an example of figurative language
that compares one thing with something else without the word "like" or "as." See if you
can spot the three metaphors in the first three lines of this excellent
poem:

Thou
still unravished bride of quietness,

Thou foster child of
silence and slow time,

Sylvan historian, who canst thus
express

A flowery tale more sweetly than our
rhyme...

The speaker of this
poem then begins his Ode by comparing the Grecian urn he is contemplating to an
"unravished bride," a "foster child of silence and slow time," and a "Sylvan historian."
Note the point of these metaphors: Keats is highlighting how the urn is undamaged by
time by comparing it to a virgin bride; he is saying how it has long been protected by
comparing it to a "foster child" of time and silence"; and lastly, he shows how it
preserves history by calling it a "Sylvan historian." Now, see if you can find any other
examples of literary devices in this poem. Good luck!

Does a landlord have to return your pet deposit if your rental house is now not habitable?My rental house was messed up in a tornado a short time...

A great deal depends upon the provisions of your lease. It
is entirely possible that the lease agreement provided that any pet deposit was
non-refundable. It that is indeed the case, your deposit is gone. If there were no such
provision, and you would have been entitled to the return of your deposit at the end of
the lease, then you should be able to receive it back. The termination of the lease by
Act of God (that is the Tornado) frees you from any obligation to pay further rent, and
obviously entitled you to the return of your security deposit. Your pet deposit is an
entirely different matter. So you should examine the lease agreement very carefully to
see what, if any provision was made for pet deposits and if the deposits were refundable
or not at the time the lease was signed. Early termination of the lease--unless it was
terminated almost immediately after its execution--would not be a
factor.

In 1984 (part 3 - chapters 4-6), what does Winston think of his few remaining contrary flashbacks?

In chapter four of Book three Orwell
writes,

"He
remembered remembering contrary things, but those were false memories, products of
self-deception."

This proves
that he knew these thoughts he had previously had that went against
the Party's teachings were untrue. (Although we audience members know they are true
because we have just seen Winston transform before us.) He acknowledges that accepting
the Party's principles was much
easier.

In fact, as the storyline
continues, he begins to embrace more fallacies as truth. He becomes taken with the idea
that all happenings take place in the mind, and to be fully participative in the Party,
he had to learn to control these flashbacks. He therefore developed an ability to block
thoughts that could dangerously influence him. This new reflex he developed is called
Crimestop.

What is the meaning of this sentence in The Glass Menagerie"You're a Christian martyr, yes, that's what you are, a Christian martyr!"

Scene 3 of the play The Glass
Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, is titled After the Fiasco.
In this scene Tom explains that his mother, Amanda, is "a woman of
word as well as action" in terms of her determination to make ends meet by
selling magazine subscriptions over the telephone.

In this
particular scene, Tom illustrates how his mother:

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...conducted a vigorous campaign on the
telephone, roping in subscribers to one of those magazines for matrons called The
Home-maker's Companion...

Tom
also recalls a conversation between his mother and one of such subscribers who is
identified as a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution (D. A. R), to which
Amanda belongs.

Presumably, the woman is trying to avoid
Amanda's subscription renewal call by replying that she is still sick with bad sinus
infection.

Being a typical Southern "belle," Amanda's
reaction is to exaggerate her commiseration and use embellished language to express how
sorry she feels for her client (although she really does not). This is why she
says:

You're a
Christian martyr, yes, that's what you are, a Christian
martyr!

Basically, Amanda is
comparing this woman with a sinus problem with a religious martyr that has been skinned,
boiled, quartered, and burned alive in the name of the cause of Christianity: An immense
exaggeration, but one that is typical of a woman with the eccentric nature of Amanda
Wingfield.

What effect do the multiple deaths in act five have on you?Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

A Shakepearean tragedy conveys the sense that human beings
are doomed by their own errors or natures, or even an ironic twist of their virtues, or
through the nature of fate or the human condition to  suffer, fail, and die.  In
Shakespearean tragedy, the hero usually dies as a result of his tragic flaw, moral
weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable
circumstances.

One common weakness that many characters
share in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is impetuousness.  And, as
a result of their impulsive personalities, accompanied by the unfortunate circumstances
of fate, Mercutio, Romeo, and Juliet all die. 

For these
tragic deaths in Romeo and Juliet the reader is well prepared. 
First of all, the Prologue to Act One mentions that fate has a hand in the tragedy--"the
star-crossed lovers"--and the enmity between the Capulets and Montagues breaks "to new
mutiny."  The first scene opens with strife and renewed hatred.  When Romeo falls in
love with the child of his family's mortal enemy, there is certain foreboding of a
tragic end for the lovers.  Certain speeches foreshadow the tragic ending as well.  For
instance, when Friar Laurence cautions Romeo, saying,"These violent delights have
violent ends"(II,vi,10), and Juliet declares, "My only love sprung from my only hate"
(I,v,133), there is foreshadowing of Romeo and Juliet's doom since they are too quick in
their love  too swift in their actions, and circumstances work against their
marriage.

Then, when Friar Laurence and Juliet plan her
feigned death so the parents will be so relieved to have her alive that they will not be
too upset with Romeo, whom she has already married, and the message that Juliet
lives does not reach Romeo in time, fate's hand enters the play.  The tragic delay to
Romeo's knowing Juliet is really alive, coupled with his cries of "O, I am fortune's
fool!"  prepares the reader for the unfortunate results, results that still bring a
poignancy to the audience.  For, the beauty of such young, romantic lovers is what
dreams are made of, not tragedies.

What social event was added to Maycomb's social calendar, and why was it created?

I think that you are talking about what happens in Chapter
27.  This is when the ladies of the town decide to have an organized Halloween event at
the high school auditorium.

There was going to be a pageant
and there would be various games and there was going to be a contest for the best
costume, as long as it was made by the person wearing
it.

This was done because there were worries about crime. 
This was especially true after the Barber sisters had their home burgled.  Because of
this, the ladies seem to have thought it would be better not to have the kids out
running around.

Wuthering Heights can be viewed as a conflict between the savage and the civilized. Do you agree?

Yes, I do agree, but the terms "savage" and "civilized"
should not be considered as reflective of the characters' relation to other human beings
or of their position and conduct within human society. Rather, the terms "savage" and
"civilized" stand for two antithetic (not necessarily conflicting) temperaments, two
antithetic attitudes towards life, love, nature, the
universe.

The plot of the novel unfolds in three locales:
Wuthering Heights, Thrushcross Grange and the moorland that on the one hand connects the
two houses and on the other, separates them from the rest of the
world.

The   inhabitants of Wuthering Heights: Heathcliff,
Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw are of a savage temperament: passionate in their love and
hatred, freedom loving, unable to compromise or to control their feelings. Their
physical appearance is reflective of their 'savagery': they are black-eyed and black
haired, Heathcliff is even described as having a dark complexion. The men are robust,
but they have no advantage from this for their health and bodily strength only lengthens
the spiritual agony they feel in face of their doomed passions or/and thwarted hopes.

The inhabitants of Thrushcross Grange, on the other hand,
"civilized" Edgar and Isabella Linton, take a very different stance on life. While
intense in their feelings, their behavior is not entirely controlled by passion.
Deceptions in their expectations do not result, like in the case of their neighbors, in
destructive or self-destructive behavior. Rather, they resign themselves to their
fate(s), trying to build themselves a new life and a new kind of happiness (They are
happy raising their children.) out of the ruins of the old one. They never lose control
entirely and always maintain their dignity. Their physical appearance is the opposite of
that of the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights; they are described as white-complexioned,
blue-eyed and fair-haired. Their health is fragile.

The
classification of the characters into "savage" and "civilized" ones can be applied
successfully only to the first generation of Lintons, Earnshaws and Heathcliffs. Their
children: Catherine Linton, Hareton Earnshaw and Linton Heathcliff are of mixed
temperaments.

It should also be remembered that Emily
Bronte's narrative does not favor one temperament or attitude over the
other.

When Huck first loses the raft that he has tied up and knows he may have lost Jim - what does Huck's behavior symbolize?Does his fear of having...

When Huck and Jim investigate the wrecked steamboat in
Chapter XII, Huck realizes that two men intend to kill the third, so he runs to the
water to tell Jim that they must notify the Sherriff; however, Jim moans that their raft
is gone.  Nevertheless, Huck manages to locate the skiff of the thieves, and they
retrieve the raft although they are too late to help anyone on board the wreck which
sinks.  In this first loss of the raft, nothing occurs between Jim and
Huck.

As they drift along with the booty of the thieves,
Huck tells Jim about royalty, demonstrating again Twain's delightful satire.  During
their conversations Jim is somewhat petulant because he is too old for all Huck's
childish games; instead, he greatly desires to reach Cairon, Illinois, so he can get on
the Ohio River and reach freedom.  But, as they approach the point where the Mississippi
meets the Ohio river, a dense fog rises and when Huck reaches land with the canoe and
strings the rope around young saplings, the current is so strong that the rope breaks
and carries off the raft.  Jumping back into the canoe Huck pursues it, loses any sight
of it in the fog and cannot determine from where Jim's "whoopes" emanate.  Exhausted,
Huck falls asleep for a time, then wakes and spots a "black speck on the
water."

When Huck finally reaches the raft, Jim is asleep,
holding to the steering oar.  In his prankish way, Huck lies under him so that when Jim
wakes up he is right there.  Huck convinces Jim that he has simply had a bad dream; Jim
feels then that he should "'terpret" it since it was set for a warning. After Jim speaks
for a while, Huck tells him that is enough, but asks, "...what does
these things stand for?" showing him the debris which has collected on the
raft. Jim realizes he has been tricked:

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When he did get the thing straightened around,
he looked at me steady, without ever smiling, and
says:

"What do dey stan' for?  I's gwyne to tell you.  When
I got all wore out wid work, en wid de cllin' for you, en went to sleep, my heart wuz
mos' broke bekase you wuz los', en I didn' k'yer no mo' what become er me en de far'. 
En when I wake up en fine you back agin', all safe en soun', de ters come en I could a
got down on my knees en kiss' yo; foot I's so thankfu.  En all you wuz thinkin' 'bout
wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim wid a lie.  Dat truck dah is
trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey
fren's en makes 'em
ashamed."

With the emotion of
Jim's reaction, Huck is ashamed of himself.  He narrates that he felt "so mean I could
almost kissed his foot to get him to take it back."

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It was fifteen minutes before I could work
myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger--but I done it, and I warn't ever sorry
for it afterwards, neither.  I didn't do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn't done
that one if I'd a knowed it would make him feel that
way.

Perhaps for the first
time, Huck begins to understand that Jim feels all the deep emotions of the most
sensitive of human beings.  And, without completely realizing it, Huck loves Jim
equally, for he feels terrible after Jim tells him how distraught he has been about
Huck's safety.  Henceforth, he treats Jim as an equal for he knows that Jim loves him. 
From spending time intimately with Jim, Huck learns that although Jim is a slave, he is
yet a man with all the yearnings and feelings of a man.

Two point sources, 5.0 cm apart, are operating in phase, with a common frequency of 6.0 Hz, in a ripple tank. A metre stick is placed above...

This is similar to Young's experiment where an
interference pattern is produced on a screen a distance (L) from the sources. The
problem I believe is that Young's equation works with some assumptions like the distance
between the sources (2.5 cm) needs to be much much smaller than the distance to the
screen (50 cm)

When I used Young's equation I
got:

wavelength = d*y/(n*L) = 2.5 cm * 10 cm /(.5 * 50 cm)
= 1 cm

where:

d = distance
between sources

y = distance between central antinode to
the node or antinode being evaluated

n = order of the node
or antinode (how many wavelength further from one source to y than to the other source
to y)

L = distance of screen to
sources

If this, were the case then speed = wavelength *
frequency

= 1 cm * 6.0 hz = 6.0
cm/s

or

= .01 m * 6.0 hz = .06
m/s

I looked further into the geometry of the problem and
found the following:

The diagram you describe creates an
isosceles triangle with side lengths of 50 cm and a base length of 20 cm (35 cm mark to
50 cm mark).  The altitude of this triangle (the central axis to the midpoint of the
sources which must intersect the meterstick at the 45 cm mark) can be calculated using
Pythagorean theorem.

50^2 = 10^2 +
altitude^2

altitude = sqrt(2500 - 100) = 48.989
cm

Shifting this Vertex (located at the midpoint between
the sources) to the right source makes the isosceles triangle into a scalene triangle
with the left side becoming the longer side (LS) and the right side becoming the shorter
side (SS) and the base remaining at 20 cm.  The segment that connects the 45 cm mark to
the right source (CS) can be calculated using Pythagorean theorem
again.

2.5^2 + 48.989^ =
CS^2

CS = 49.052 cm

The angle
CS would make with the original altitude (Q) can be
found:

sinQ = 2.5/49.052  => Q = arcsin(2.5/49.052)
= 2.92 degrees

so CS makes an angle of 92.92 degrees with
the left side of the meterstick and 87.08 degrees with the right
side.

Using the Law of Cosines you can find
LS:

LS^2 = 10^2 + 49.052^2 - 2*10*49.052
cos(92.92)

LS = 50.558
cm

Using Law of Cosines you can also find
SS:

SS^2 = 10^2 + 49.052^2 - 2*10*49.052
cos(87.08)

SS = 49.559 cm

The
process would be the same if the Vertex was moved to the source on the left.  Just the
short side (49.559 cm) would be on the left and the long side (50.558 cm) would be on
the right.

When a node is created the waves are meeting
exactly out of phase.  The first nodal line is produced becasue the wave has to travel
exactly one-half of a wavelength further from the far source compared to the distance a
wave from the near source must travel.  In this case the node at the 35 cm mark on the
meterstic is formed because the wave had to travel 50.558 cm from the source on the
right while it traveled 49.559 cm from the source on the left.  This is a difference of
 .999 cm or 1 cm.  So if half of a wavelength is 1cm then one wavelength is 2
cm.

If this is the case (I think more likely) then
everything doubles.

So

speed =
wavelength * frequency

=2 cm * 6.0 hz = 12.0
cm/s

or

= .02 m * 6.0 hz = .12
m/s

What does the speaker in the dream tell Winston in 1984?

Although you do not specify which dream of Winston's you
are talking about, I think you are most likely talking about the dream that Winston
mentions in Chapter 2.  He thinks about this dream after he has been helping his
neighbor with her plumbing.

In the dream, he is walking
through a dark room.  There is someone in the room.  As he passes by the person, the
person says to him "We shall meet in the place where there is no
darkness."

Winston does not know in the dream who that is,
but he comes to believe that it was O'Brien who spoke to him.

How are the issues of blindness and insight manifested in King Lear?

It is important to realise how blindness, both literal
blindness and metaphorical blindness, are linked to two of the most important figures in
the play: Gloucester and Lear. The parallels between these two characters are
self-evident. Both have children that are loyal and some that are disloyal, both show
themselves to be "blind" to the realities of which are loyal and which disloyal, and
both end up selecting the disloyal children to be their heirs. It is therefore highly
ironic that it is only after Gloucester has been struck blind and Lear has become insane
that both realise the error of their ways and see the mistake they have made. In
blindness they can "see," and in insanity, they can think sanely. One of the play's
poignant moments comes in Act IV scene 6 when Lear and Gloucester meet and bemoan their
situation. Note what Lear says to Gloucester:

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If thou wilt weep my fortunes, take my
eyes.

I know thee well enough; thy name is
Gloucester.

Thou must be patient. We came crying
hither.

Thou know'st the first time that we smell the
air

We wawl and
cry....

Thus blindness is an
important theme throughout the play and principally in how it relates to Gloucester and
Lear, linking them in their tragedy and haunting them with the wrong decisions they have
made.

What does Hedley Bull argue in his essay "Does Order Exist in World Politics?"

As your tag implies, Hedley Bull was a member of the
English School of international relations.  This school of thought is a constructivist
school of thought that does not completely reject realism but which criticizes that
school of thought.  This is what Bull is trying to say in this chapter -- he is trying
to say that there is such a thing as an international society and that states do not
exist merely in a Hobbesian state of anarchy.

Bull points
out that there has long been some degree of cooperation between states.  The actions of
states have also long been regulated by a set of standards that all states have been
expected to abide by.  This is not to say that states
always play by the rules or that they always cooperate. 
However, Bull is arguing that the realists are missing something when they argue that
the international system is characterized only by
anarchy.

So the major point of this chapter is that anarchy
is not the only characteristic of the international system.  Instead, states show a
strong tendency to cooperate with one another and to abide by unwritten "laws" that help
to constrain their actions.  Both of these ideas are contrary to what realists believe
should be the case.

Was the Louisiana Purchase an example of Jeffersonian democracy?

Yes, the Louisiana Purchase was an example of something
that was done to further Jeffersonian democracy.  The reason for this has to do with
Jefferson's vision of what America should be.

Jefferson
believed that America should be made up of small farmers.  Such people would be
self-sufficient, making all that they needed (or almost all).  Jefferson thought that
only self-sufficient people could be good citizens of a democracy because no one could
ever tell them what to do.  (If you can get your hands on Farmer
Boy, by Laura Ingalls Wilder, you should look towards the end of the book
where Almanzo is offered an aprenticeship with a prosperous carriage maker.  His mother
flips out because she wants him to be a small farmer so he will never have to rely on
anyone else.  It's my favorite statement of Jefferson's
ideas...)

Anyway, back to the Louisiana Purchase... 
Jefferson thought that all that land would allow many more Americans to become small
farmers.  That would prevent the US from becoming some big industrial nation with lots
of people working for other people (and depending on
them).

So, the Louisiana Purchase was an example of
Jeffersonian democracy because it was supposed to allow Americans to be self-sufficient
small farmers rather than dependent wage laborers.  This was Jefferson's
hope.

Why at the end of Hamlet, Shakespeare refers at least four times to theater.Using words such as "stage" and "put on". At the end, Fortinbras orders...

The use of stage terms in the closing scene of
Shakespeare's Hamlet very directly reflects a line from another
Shakespeare play, but it's not Romeo and Juliet, it's As
You Like It:

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All the world's a
stage...

Existence in
Hamlet is like being on a stage--everybody's
acting:

• Hamlet pretends to be
  mad.


• Claudius pretends to be honest and just, and
  pretends to care about Hamlet.  He toasts him in the closing scene, when he is really
  trying to get him to drink the poison in the
  cup.


• Polonius, Ophelia, Ros. and Guil. all spy on Hamlet,
  pretending to be his friend, or more, while actually trying to get information out of
  him. 


• The 1 Player pretends to care about
  Hecuba.


• Laertes pretends to forgive Hamlet, and treats
  him with respect, while he is in the process of trying to kill
  him.

All the world, existence, is a stage in
the play. 

Specifically, though, the theatrical terms you
mention all have literal meanings in the lines you cite.  For instance, "put on," when
used by Fortinbras, simply means that if Hamlet would have been "put on" the throne, he
would have proved most royal.

Figuratively, I suggest the
terms suggest the idea that life is a stage, and everyone acts like this or that;
everyone wears masks, plays roles.  This is much stronger in Hamlet
than is any suggestion of drawing attention to the fact that those putting on the play
are actors.  That is not central to this play, as it might be in Romeo and
Juliet.  Why?  Because there's no chorus in Hamlet. 
Shakespeare had matured and was past the use of a chorus by the time he wrote
Hamlet.  He does not go out of his way to draw attention to the
actors themselves, instead of the characters, in
Hamlet.

How does the mystical number three present itself within the story "Sir Gawain and Green Knight"?Please help me answer this question...

The number three is very important in the prose work "Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight".

The first time the number
three appears in the text as Gawain is leaving Arthur's castle to keep his promise to
the Green Knight. Gawain crosses himself three times and asks Christ to give him
speed.

The second appearance of the number three appears
when Gawain is speaking of how long he has been traveling to find the chapel of the
Green Knight.

In the third appearance of the number three,
Sir Gawain has arrived at Lord Bertalik's castle and they have made a promise to each
other to give to each whatever they receive during the day. The trumpets blow three
times signalling the beginning of the first day's hunt.

The
fourth appearance of the number three comes, again, during another hunt day. Three of
Bertalik's men throw themselves onto a boar to submit him.  The boar is too strong and
the men fail.

The fifth reference to the number three,
again, is during another hunt. This time Bertalik and his men are pursuing a fox. The
reference to three is that the fox was being threatened "threefold" by the men and
elements around him.

The sixth and seventh references to
the number three is spoken of when Lady Bertalik gives Gawain three kisses and Gawain,
then in turn, gives the three kisses to Lord
Bertalik.

Overall, the number three is used, as was typical
in Medieval literature, to provide symmetry to the text. The collections of threes which
exist are also important:

-Lady Bertalik goes to see Gawain
on three separate occasions.

-Lord Bertalik goes hunting on
three seperate days.

-Lady Bertalik kisses Gawain three
seperate times.

-Gawain swings the axe upon the Green
Knight three times.