What problems with the original document motivated the adoption of the Bill of Rights?

Essentially, the problem, according to many critics of the
Constitution, was that the document contained insufficient protections for basic civil
liberties. Since the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, when William III was obliged
to sign the English Bill of Rights, an enumeration of basic protections against
arbitrary government was fundamental to the Anglo-American political tradition. So when
the Constitution was ratified without a list of rights (though some, including habeas
corpus, were protected within the Constitution itself) many critics argued that it
needed one. When the Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification, many of
the state conventions demanded a Bill of Rights, and some even suggested amendments.
Several states only agreed to ratify the Constitution under the understanding that a
Bill of Rights would be added. Twelve amendments were duly proposed, and ten were
ratified, in 1789.