In Shakespeare's Sonnet 29, "When in disgrace with Fortune
and men's eyes," the author (who could be any man, not necessarily Shakespeare) starts
the sonnet by speaking of his life.
In William
Shakespeare's sonnets, he uses the structure of the sonnet to organize his ideas. Every
stanza of four lines is called a "quatrain." There are three of these that account for
twelve lines; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet: they rhyme with each
other.
The organization Shakespeare used was: the first two
quatrains (eight lines) presented an idea. In line nine, the focus of the sonnet shifts.
The third quatrain presents a different approach to what was introduced in the first
eight lines. The rhyming couplet at the end is used as a conclusion, summarizing or
driving home the most important point of the poem.
In the
first two quatrains, the speaker talks of how terrible his life is: his has bad luck and
gets no respect ("When in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes"); he is lonely and
depressed ("I all alone I beweep my outcast state"); heaven won't listen to him ("and
trouble deaf heaven..."); and, he looks at his life and hates it ("And look upon myself,
and curse my fate...).
The same tone continues in the
second quatrain: he wishes he had more to look forward to, looked handsome like another
man or had his friends ("Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, / Featured like him,
like him with friends possessed..); he wishes he had another man's talents or
intelligence ("Desiring this man's art and that man's scope:); and, he finds himself
unhappy with that which brings him the most happiness ("With what I most enjoy contented
least").
Now, on line nine, the word that identifies the
shift of the author's ideas and tone is "yet." It is almost as if he has said, "But wait
a second." And here, he changes the direction of his ideas: it is a sudden and
enlightening shift. The sonnet becomes a love poem:
Yet
even when I almost hate myself ("Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising"); when I
think about you, my attitude changes completely and I feel the same joy a bird taking
flight to sing at the gates of heaven feels ("Haply I think on thee: and then my state,
/ Like to the Lark at break of day arising / From sullen earth, sings hymns at
Heaven's gate").
The rhyming couplet summarizes all of
this, and it is powerful:
When I remember that you love me,
it brings such elation to my heart and soul, that I wouldn't exchange places with kings
("For thy sweet love rememb'red such wealth brings / That then I scorn to change my
state with Kings.")
Watching the sonnet's organization, one
can understand that at first the speaker hates his life; then he thinks about the woman
who loves him and his problems disappear: because when he thinks of her, he would not
change places with the richest, most important man on the
planet.
No comments:
Post a Comment