What is a comparison between Venice and Cyprus as settings in Othello? What does each setting symbolize?

The settings in Othello and what each represents
is ironic. Firstly, Venice represents that
which is supposedly good - law and order, a structured and civilized way
of life. Venice is a place in which one can depend on the powers-that-be
to defend one's rights and provide one with a voice to speak out against prejudice or
unfair discrimination. It is in Venice that Othello and Desdemona's love
is born and where it flourishes. It is ironic, therefore, that it is in Venice that Iago
formulates his pernicious plot to destroy Othello. Furthermore, it is also in Venice
that Brabantio, Iago and Roderigo display their racist
prejudice.

Since Venice is a symbol for
rational thought and reason (i.e. order), it is ironic then, that
Brabantio loses all reason and allows prejudice to taint his judgment. However,
it is also in Venice that Othello is afforded justice through the Duke's
intervention, when he is allowed to defend himself and is vouched for by
Desdemona. Further irony lies in the fact that although Venice is deemed a symbol of the
civilized world, it is here that corruption is rife - Roderigo, for example, thinks
nothing of plying, at Iago's insistence, Desdemona with gifts to win her
affection.

Furthermore, Venice is also known for its
courtesans, a place in which loose women freely plied their trade, to such an extent
that even Emillia intimates that she would sell her affections if the money were
right. 

Cyprus, as a contrast to Venice, is
where danger lies. Cyprus represents disorder and chaos. As a military
outpost, it is constantly at war - defending itself against many attacks. This means
that its citizens are constantly ill-at-ease, either because of actual, imagined
or impending threats. Unlike Venice then, which represents stability,
security and peace, Cyprus is in constant
turmoil. It is therefore ironic that Cyprus is believed to be the
birthplace of Aphrodite, the goddess of love.

It is in
Cyprus that Iago brings his evil plot to fruition and it is here, amidst all the
uncertainty, that Othello and Desdemona's fates are sealed. Instead of their love
flourishing, they are doomed because of Iago's treachery and manipulation. It is also in
this setting where the leading characters turn against each other and where they meet
their doom. In this context then, Cyprus provides the ideal backdrop for
Iago's evil to flourish.   

What is the historical relevance of the short story, "The Sniper," by Liam O'Flaherty?

"The Sniper," by Liam O'Flaherty is historically relevant
because he was writing about very real occurrences in Ireland during the Irish Civil
War, where fighting took place between the Republicans and Free Staters—when families
were divided and innocent people were literally "caught in the
cross-fire."

Historically, the war in Ireland had been
raging in one form or another for hundreds of years. In the twelfth century, an English
"king" had declared Ireland to be property of the British and over the several
centuries, colonization by the English took place in Ireland. Ireland's native
inhabitants were not happy about this. The northern part of Ireland was predominantly
Protestant, while the southern part of Ireland was predominantly Catholic. Because so
many people had settled in northern Ireland, and major businesses as well, it was
impossible—as time went on—to allow Ireland to become an independent nation. And while
things have changed—the battles are no longer raging in the streets and the form of
government has changed—there are still some tensions remaining
there.

Before the Civil War in Ireland, in 1922,
"twenty-three of Ireland's thirty-two counties were [declared] Irish Free States." The
Anglo-Irish Treaty had been signed to bring peace, but not everyone in Ireland was in
agreement with adoption of the treaty. The "Free Staters" supported the treaty, while
the Republicans (connected to the IRA, the Irish Republican Army) did
not.

The story of "The Sniper" tells of the cruel realities
of the Irish Civil War, where innocents were killed and families were divided, father
against son and brother against brother—very similar to the American Civil War. In the
story, the sniper—the main character—is a member of the Republican forces, and his
brother, the other sniper, is a Free Stater.

This is the
historical relevance of the short story, helping the reader to understand why citizens
of Ireland were at war with each other.

Why does the speaker criticise his beloved in "Sonnet 130"?

Central to understanding this brilliant sonnet is the way
that Shakespeare is actually poking fun at the somewhat hyperbolic and exaggerated
descriptions of the idealised female of conventional love poems. Shakespeare
deliberately eschews such high-blown and innaccurate description, indicated by the
series of negatives in the poem. In addition, the speaker seems to deliberately
emphasise the less than divine aspects of his lover's character, focusing on her bad
breath, her wiry hair and her normal eyes:

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And in some perfumes is there more
delight

Than in the breath that from my mistress
reeks...

Such descriptions
give this sonnet a humorous honesty that deliberately undercuts the exaggerated
descriptions of other love poems, which present the object of the poem as almost a
"goddess." However, in spite of this frankness, Shakespeare uses this kind of
description to suggest that love exists between real and not idealised characters, and
that this love is far more genuine because of this honesty. Note how the closing couplet
supports this theme:

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And yet, by Heaven, I think my love as
rare

As any she belied with false
compare.

Shakespeare is
therefore playing with our expectations of a love poem. The frank descriptions do not
indicate a lack of love or regard, rather they are used to emphasise the far more
genuine nature of the love that exists between them than the ridiculously exaggerated
descriptions provided in most love poems of the time. By criticising his beloved, he is
actually only reinforcing his love for her.

What are some quotes where the moon is used as symbolism in the book In the Time of the Butterflies?

The use of the moon symbolically seems to indicate the
level of violence at each stage in this incredible novel. The moon seems to act as some
kind of gauge of the level of safety or danger of the girls and the kind of repressed
violence that there is at various points in the novel. Note the following two
examples.

Firstly, in Dede's flashback in Chapter One, the
clear moonlight is symbolic of the time of peace and family unity experienced by the
sisters with their parents at the beginning:

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She remembers a clear moonlit night before the
future began. they are sitting in the cool darkness under the anacahuita tree in the
front yard, in the rockers, telling stories, drinking guanabana
juice.

Note how the "clear
moonlight" seems to symbolically represent the openness and happiness of the family,
before the "future began."

However, if we consider how the
moon is referred to in Chapter Six, there is a marked difference as the description of
the moon is used to foreshadow the slap that Minerva receives from her father and the
trouble between them:

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The moon was a thin, bright machete cutting its
way through patches of clouds. By its sharp light I could see my father stop and turn to
face me.

Note how the
metaphor employed in this quote compares the moon to a "machete," and its "sharp" light
effectively foreshadows the sudden slap that Minerva
receives.

Thus it can be seen from these two examples that
the moon is used to indicate violence or peace and the various states that the sisters
experience in their lives.

In the novel, The Outsiders, why was the court hearing important and what were the decisions of the court?

As might be expected, the court hearing near the end of
The Outsiders is primarily important from a legal point of view. It
is meant to determine whether Ponyboy was in any way liable for the death of the Soc,
and it will determine whether the Curtis family will get to stay together (or if Pony
will be sent to a boy's home). The Socs' who are present, including Cherry, speak
truthfully, although Pony is still confused about who actually did the killing. Pony, in
his unstable state of mind, still believes it was he, and not Johnny, who pulled the
knife. Pony is exonerated, and he is given the opportunity to resume his
life.

In The Glass Menagerie, how does self- deception, as Tom says, illustrate as "truth" about life?

To a great extent, Tom makes the argument that everyone
engages in self- deception in order to get through life and being in the world.  This
might be valid, but it also might be his own justification for his own self- deception. 
If it is to be taken as valid, Amanda's own nostalgia for her past and the belief that
she was "something" at one point in time as a way to dull the pain of the present would
be one element that Tom would use.  At the same time, Laura's fascination with her glass
figurines and the time she spends at the zoo could be seen as another way to advance her
own self- deception.  Tom is not absolved from this as his desire to escape, spend time
at the movies, and eventually leave his family in hopes of finding that elusive sense of
"happiness" all reflect self- deception.  In the end, all of the family members,
including Jim O'Connor, need deception to endure their own
lives:

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The inability of each character to
function beyond a manufactured world is a direct result of self-deception. As the play
ends, the outcome of each Wingfield is left in question. Tom aimlessly wanders the
country, Laura is unable to leave the sheltered world that she has created for herself
among her glass animals, and Amanda realizes that she has two adult children whom she
has failed to bring into a functioning relationship with the
world.

If there is
a "truth" present, it is that the pain of being in the world is one in which self-
deception is engaged in order to escape such a condition.

How many levels of independent variables were studied in the article"Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice"by Salvatore and Shelton.

j01

Anova is a tough one to
get your head round-we had to do them manually when I did my first degree so you get to
grips with them better.  Interpreting them past a 2* 2 design gets iffy and interactions
can only really be interpereted using output plots--unless your a
math-head.

An independant variable is the one the
experimenter manipulates (even if there is no real manipulation--eg quasi experiments,
one class group compared to another).  The dependant variable is what is measured--it
depends upon the independent variables.

The way this study
is described does lack a bit of clarity but lets have a
go.

In the manipylation check, the IV for the t test was
the manipulated factor--qualifications, DV evaluation of
candidate.

Next to see if race had an impact (IV=race_ 2
levels) on evaluation of employabity (DV) or evaluation of qualifications
(DV)

Finally the tough one

the
DV was Stroop scores so the IVs that impacted on them
were:

2 levels (subject’s race) *  2 levels (evaluator’s
race)*3 levels (prejudice condition)

As I said a clearer
description in the paper would have helped

Hope this
helps

Silverstrummer

What would be a good thesis statement that can be used for "My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke?I always seem to get stuck on thesis statements!

I usually encourage my students to pick two or three
closely-related poetic elements on which to focus in a thesis,
like:

1. Speaker, Audience, Tone


2. Metaphor,
   Imagery, and Theme


3. Prosody: Meter and Sound
   Effects

"My Papa's Waltz" presents a quandary
among readers: younger readers fear the father, while older readers see him as
relatively harmless.  Do you see him as an alcoholic child-abuser or a fun-loving,
though rowdy, father?  So, take a position and, using approach #1 or #2 above, support
it with textual support.

I find the poem interesting from a
structural level: the first two lines of each stanza seem to be carefree, but the last
two lines have slight turns to a darker side.  Why does Roethke do this?  Is there a
musical or metrical connection to this approach?

Also, look
what other editors have said about how to analyze the poem.  The TPCSTT method always
leads to a good thesis as well.  Again, only focus on two or three of
these:

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Title: Ponder the
title before reading the poem

Paraphrase:
Translate the poem into your own
words

Connotation: Contemplate
the poem for meaning beyond the literal
level

Attitude: Observe both
the speaker’s and the poet’s attitude
(tone).

Shifts: Note shifts in
speakers and attitudes or
form

Title: Examine the title
again, this time on an interpretive
level

Theme: Determine what
the poet is saying

Johne Donne is a typical metaphysical poet.Discuss the features of metaphysical poetry in two of Donne's poems.

John Donne's poetry has two major
phases:

Early Donne: poetry is
about physical love and the physical union of the male and
female

Late Donne: poetry is
about sin and guilt and the spiritual union between man and
God

He uses metaphysical
("above," "beyond" the physical; spiritual; erotic; supernatural)
conceits: elaborate and extended metaphors about the
following subjects: alchemy, horticulture, astronomy, navigation, neo-Platonism,
military, microcosm/macrocosm, law, and
mathematics.

• "The Flea" uses the conceit of
  blood exchange to represent physical union (sex).  The poem is a grand pick-up line:
  he's trying to convince her to go to bed.  The conceit compares physical death to a kind
  of orgasm.


• "Forbidding Mourning" uses the conceit of a
  compass (geometrical instrument).  The female is the fixed point and the male is the
  traveling pencil.  He is away while she is at home, but if she waits for him, he will
  come "full circle" to form a symbol of love: the
  ring.

Is Eugene O'Neill's play Desire Under the Elms an example of naturalistic theater?

O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms is
indeed an example of naturalism in theater--or--naturalistic theater. In fact, critics
acknowledge this play as O'Neill’s last naturalistic play. The characteristics of
naturalism in theater are several. Naturalism is built from Darwinian principles which
accord animalistic and subconscious forces to humanity and human behavior. Originated by
Emil Zola, naturalism endeavors to reveal the affects of determinism so that a person's
fate is seen as governed by naturalistic heredity and environment. Naturalism eschews
(i.e., avoids) the psychological manipulation of symbolic characters who are created to
be sympathetic and prefers characters whose instincts and drives lead them into
encounters with ungovernable fate, the objective being to reveal how believable
characters behave and react to unknown or novel or extreme
situations.

Desire Under the Elms
fulfils each of these defining characteristics. The characters, from Eben to Abbie, all
act based on animalistic and subconscious drives: There are no higher motives to temper
desire and instinct. Darwinian subconscious forces are at work in each instance of
action, such as Eben's manipulation of Ephraim and Abbie's infanticide. The underlying
desire for revenge that Eben claims at the start of the play ("her vengeance ... so’s
she kin rest quiet in her grave") and the remote setting, devoid of any civilizing
influence, underscore the idea that Ephraim's fate of eventual exile on the farm is the
result of hereditary and environmental forces. It can realistically be argued that the
characters in this play are not made to appear sympathetic through psychological or
symbolic treatment of their development--they appear in their crudest reality and work
out their animalism-driven fates without a blush or a sigh. O'Neill shows how
individuals operating at a naturalistic Darwinian level behave without higher order
motivations in the extremely compelling and novel circumstances on Ephraim's
farm.

Does anyone know if there is an audio version of Nothing but the Truth?My students would really benefit from hearing each character speaking in a...

I found this book on Audible. I believe you have to
install Audible on the computer before playing the audio book though. The link below
will take you to the site. There might be a way to change it to an MP3 in iTunes. You
might want to try that route.

In Macbeth Act IV scene i, describe the role of the supernatural elements of the scene.

In addition to the excellent answer above, the
supernatural in act 4.1 of Macbeth serves functions such as
contributing to the play's imagery and adding
unity.

Blood is often present in
Macbeth, from the description of the battle by the bloody Captain
in Act 1.2 to the bloody dagger Macbeth envisions in Act 2.1 to both Macbeth and Lady
Macbeth obsessing over blood on their hands, etc.  In Act 4.1, blood
imagery is contributed to in the form of the Bloody Child. This Second
Apparition also adds to the play's imagery of children: 
most notably, the slaughter of Macduff's son in Act 4.2, in which imagery of blood and
imagery of children come together, just as they do in Act
4.1.

Repetition adds
unity to any work, of course, and this play is no
exception.  The theme of the supernatural is repeated in
Act 4.1, after having been first introduced in Act 1.1, as is the capacity of the
witches for making predictions.  The theme of
equivocation is repeated here, as well, which will become
evident later in the play.  The idea of Banquo's heirs
reigning is repeated and made concrete by imagery, as well.  And, of
course, the imagery of blood and children adds
unity.

These are some of the roles, or functions, of the
supernatural in this scene. 

What are the themes covered in "Cut Grass" by Philip Larkin?

Cut grass lies frail:
Brief is the
breath
Mown stalks exhale.
Long, long the death

It
dies in the white hours
Of young-leafed June
With chestnut
flowers,
With hedges snowlike strewn,

White lilac
bowed,
Lost lanes of Queen Anne's lace,
And that high-builded
cloud
Moving at summer's pace.

High
Windows1971Cut grass lies frail:

Brief is the
breath

Mown stalks exhale.

Long, long the deathIt
dies in the white hours

Of young-leafed June

With
chestnut flowers,

With hedges snowlike strewn,White lilac
bowed,

Lost lanes of Queen Anne's lace,

And that
high-builded cloud

Moving at summer's pace.

What do people hate about Islam?

There are certainly people who hate Islam.  Generally,
they are motivated by one or both of the following
things:

First, some people hate Islam for reasons of
faith.  They believe that Islam is an incorrect religion.  Some Christians, for example,
believe that Islam is heretical because it does not believe Jesus was actually
God.

However, just thinking a religion is wrong and hating
it are different things.  I would argue that many who hate Islam do so because they
confuse the faith with the actions of some people who profess that faith.  In other
words, they hate Islam because some Muslims, claiming to act in the name of God, have
done evil things.  This, I would argue, is the case with most Americans who hate Islam. 
They hate it because they believe that Islam as a religion leads to actions like those
of Al Qaeda.

In Animal Farm, "Comrade Napoleon was dying;" "Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling." What really happened? Describe the last five...

Following the animals' great victory over the humans at
the Battle of the Windmill, a case of whiskey was discovered in the cellar of the
farmhouse. The pigs decided to celebrate and all of them became quite drunk. Comrade
Napoleon was not actually dying; he was only drunk. When Squealer was later found
"sprawling," it was because he had broken the ladder while secretly making changes to
the Commandments. Much fatter now from stuffing himself on human luxuries, Squealer's
weight was too much for the ladder. Old Benjamin seemed to realize what was going on
even if the other animals did not, and Muriel appeared to be the only other animal to
realize that the Fifth Commandment had been amended: Alcohol consumption was now OK as
long as it did not lead "to excess." 

Describe the differences between the terms below*Coelomate versus acoelomate body plan *protosome versus deuterome developement * radial versus...

A coelom is a true body cavity. An acoelomate body plan
lacks a body cavity. An example of a coelomate body plan is seen in an earthworm. It has
a digestive tract located inside a body cavity. However, a tapeworm has no body cavity.
Radial symmetry is a body plan organized around a circle as seen in slices of a pie.
Each slice is pretty similar to the next. An example is the symmetry seen in starfish.
Their arms or rays resembles spokes on a wheel and they have a round symmetry. A person
exhibits bilateral symmetry. The left side of the body resembles the right side like a
mirror image. A protostome is an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore in the
embryo and includes most invertebrates. A deuterostome is an animal whose anus is formed
from the blastopore and includes Echinoderms and all
vertebrates.

What was Coolidge’s attitude toward the farmers?

There is nothing to indicate that Calvin Coolidge had any
particular animosity towards farmers, but he did do one thing during his administration
that farmers particularly did not like.  This was the fact that Coolidge twice vetoed
the McNary-Haugen Bill.

McNary-Haugen was a bill that was
meant to keep farm prices high.  It was supposed to do this by having the government buy
up farm surpluses at guaranteed prices.  The government would then sell what it had
bought to other countries.  By doing so, the government would be helping farmers. 
Farmers twice pushed Congress to pass this bill but Coolidged vetoed it
twice.

Coolidge did this because he did not believe that
the government should be spending its money to prop up farmers' income.  This was not
motivated by dislike of farmers but rather by a dislike of big government.  He believed,
as many conservatives do today, in free market solutions to all
problems.

Was the growth of unemployment after 1929 the main reason why the Nazi party was able to take power in Germany in 1933?

I think that the growth of communism was a far greater
asset to the growth of National Socialism than unemployment. A number of communist
agitators, such as Rosa Luxembourg were a threat to the Weimar Republic. Most of
Hitler's rhetoric was directed at the presumed Communist threat. The fire which
destroyed the Reichstag was blamed (correctly) on a communist agitator, and allowed
Hitler to insist on implementation of the Constitutional provision for rule by
decree.

Although unemployment was a major problem, the
National Socialists spoke more against the Communist threat led by international Jewry
(since many Communist agitators were Jewish) than anything else. Propaganda was also a
major element, as it was used to recall the days of German glory which they promised to
restore. They considered the Communists as a threat to this German nationalism, since
Communism promoted an international rather than a nationalist
theme.

Incidentally, "Nazi" was a pejorative term. The
correct term--and the term which they called themselves--was "National
Socialist."

If all the steam from a bowl of boiling water is collected, after all the water boils away, would the steam's temperature go up?

I'm not quite able to understand what the question is. Are
you collecting water separately as it evaporates from the bowl, or is the steam
collected in the bowl which is a sealed one?

In the former
case: When you collect the steam as it is produced with the water in the bowl boiling,
there will be no change in the temperature of the steam whether it is collected at the
beginning or is the last bit of steam collected when the water is getting
over.

In the latter case: When the steam accumulates in the
sealed bowl, as you continue to heat the bowl, more of the water will turn to steam but
the steam produced increases the pressure in the container. This results in an increase
in the temperature at which water turns to steam. As heat is introduced into the
container the temperature of everything in the container, the water and the steam,
increases. The amount of steam and the amount of water present in the sealed container
is in a proportion which maintains equilibrium between temperature and volume. The
temperature of the steam here will go up as more heat is
introduced.

Reflect on Hamilton's role of being of central importance to economic strength and stability.

I assume that when you ask us to "reflect on" Hamilton,
you are asking why he was of "central importance" to the economic strength and stability
of the US.  If so, I would argue that Hamilton's ideas of assuming the states' debts, of
tariffs, and of a national bank did a great deal to ensure that the US would grow into
an economically stable country.

By having the federal
government assume the state debts, Hamilton ensured that the US would have the ability
to borrow money.  This allowed the government to do more things to, for example, create
infrastructure like roads.

By setting up a system of
tariffs, Hamilton protected infant industries in the US from foreign competition.  This
allowed the US to become industrialized.

Finally, the idea
of a national bank was very important.  This would allow government funds to circulate
and stimulate the economy.  It would also be able to make sure that the currency would
remain sound and money would not suffer from excessive
inflation.

All of these things were Hamilton's ideas and
all of them helped to strengthen and stabilize the US economy.

In The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle, whose good opinion of Charlotte gains her the license to be liked?Also, what does Charlotte decide to...

In the novel The True Confessions of Charlotte
Doyle by Avi, the member of the crew who tells the rest that Charlotte
"believes in honor" and is "the vey soul of justice" is  Zachariah.  Fisk later tells
Charlotte that Zachariah said this.  Charlotte decides to apologize and to help the
crew. She believes she has left them short of help when she told Captain Jaggery about
the round robin that she found, and Captain Jaggery punishes Zachariah harshly.  The
crew aks her climb to the top of the main mast to prove that she was serious and to gain
the respect of the crew, which she does successfully.

How would I compare "Girl" and "The Story of an Hour" related to feelings of freedom?

This is an excellent topic to compare and contrast using
these two texts. However, I would argue that there is little notion of any sort of
female freedom conveyed in either text. "Girl," for example, is basically a diatribe
from a mother to a daughter containing a huge long list of instructions concerning the
role of a woman in that culture. For example:

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Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on
the stone heap; wash the colour clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to
dry; don't walk barehead in the hot sun; cook pumpkin fritters in very hot sweet
oil...

And so the list
continues. The notion of a very restricted gender role for women is created by this
repeated direction. When the daughter tries to answer back, she is shouted down very
quickly, and we can see in the final sentence of this story that she lives in a culture
where sexual deviance can be easily assumed if you are not
careful.

"The Story of an Hour" is slightly different in
the way that it presents a woman who finds her freedom after the news of the death of
her husband. As she contemplates her new life alone, she is struck by an incredible
feeling of release and invigorating freedom:

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There would be no one to live for her during
those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending
hers in that blind persistence which which men and women believe they have a right to
impose a private will upon a
fellow-creature.

However,
ironically, having savoured this freedom, the shock of finding her husband safe and well
kills Mrs. Mallard, presenting an overall picture of female oppression in her
culture.

Thus I would argue that what unites these two
excellent stories is the lack of freedom that women are able to have in their respective
cultures.

How does the narrator of the shory story "Everyday Use" change through out the story and what brings these changes about?

The mother of the story, while presented as a strong
character, had always had a preference for her daughter Dee.  Dee was smart, savvy, and
pretty, while her sister Maggie was slow, awkward, and homely.  The story opens with the
mother, or narrator, fantasizing about being on a television show that would show her as
the mother Dee wanted her to be and Dee's acceptance of her
mother.

When Dee arrives with her current boyfriend in tow,
the mother cannot help but be impressed with Dee's bright dress and new Afro hairdo.
 Yet, Dee comes off as superficial, interested in only what is currently popular--hence
Dee's interest in the butter churn and and the quilt.  The mother who has always favored
Dee, though, decides to deny Dee the quilt and instead give the quilt to Maggie.  This
decision represents a first for the mother.  She has said no to Dee and has chosen
Maggie over Dee.  It seems that with this choice, the mother comes to accept herself as
she really is--not some fancy version of what Dee wants her to be--and truly appreciate
the beautiful spirit of her other daughter, Maggie, who has a true sense of her
heritage.

What is an appropriate tag line for the character Hamlet in Hamlet, with an explanation?

I assume you want a tag line to describe
Hamlet?

I would say, "Hamlet: a man with a plan...kind
of."

He knows that he needs to take revenge on his uncle,
so first he makes a plan to see if his uncle is really guilty.  He tries to get Ophelia
to tell him, but just ends up treating her really badly, leading her to kill
herself.

Then he has the players act out his father's
murder.  That goes okay and he does find that his uncle killed his father.  After that,
the plan goes somewhat off the path he has chosen.

Hamlet
cannot seem to bring himself to actually kill his uncle, even when he knows he is
guilty.  Hamlet tries to stab Claudius, but he does so through a curtain (not the plan)
and ends up killing Polonius!

No matter what, Hamlet seems
to make a plan, but he can never actually follow through all the way.  He is a man with
a plan, but it never works out for him and he dies tragically.

In Pygmalion, what is the symbolic significance of Eliza returning the ring to Higgins?

I would want to argue that this important scene at the end
of Act IV is linked in to the wider and more far-reaching trasformations that have
occurred in Eliza. Higgins is of course only focused on and aware of the external
transformation, which is the source of his bet. Having succeeded in transforming a
flower lady to a duchess, he is blind to the other transformations that have transpired
within Eliza. Eliza here clearly shows the independent spirit that she now has. Her
returning the ring that was bought for her by Higgins in Brighton symbolises the way
that she refuses to be objectified and treated like a project by Higgins anymore, and
demands to be able to relate to him like another human being that is his equal. Note
what she says and the way that the stage directions indicate that Higgins responds to
this challenge:

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This ring isn't the jeweler's; it's the one you
bought me in Brighton. I don't want it now. [Higgins dashes the ring violently into the
fireplace, and turns on her so threateningly that she crouches over the piano with her
hands over her face, and exclaims] Don't you hit
me.

It is clear from his
response that Higgins is aware of the symbolic meaning of her action. She is challenging
the way that he thinks of her and the way that he is treated her, and trying to get him
to see, as he is forced to concede in the next Act, that dignity and self-worth are not
a matter of outward trappings, but of how you treat others.

Find the limit of function f(x) given by f(x)=ln(x-1)/(x-2), x->2?

First, we'll substitute x by the value of accumulation
point.

lim ln(x-1)/(x-2) = ln(2-1)/(2-2) = ln1/0 =
0/0

We've get an indetermination, so, we'll apply
L'Hospital rule:

lim ln(x-1)/(x-2) = lim
d[ln(x-1)]/dx/d(x-2)/dx

lim d[ln(x-1)]/dx/d(x-2)/dx = lim
1/(x-1)/1

We'll substitute again x by 2 and we'll
get:

lim 1/(x-1)/1 = 1/(2-1) =
1

The limit of the function f(x) is lim
ln(x-1)/(x-2) = 1.

What is "local color" writing?

Local color refers to a type
of regional writing with a focus on the specific features of the area. These features
can include regional or local dialects; characters with mannerisms distinct to the area;
historical references; social customs; and even the geographical peculiarities of the
region. The narrator of the story is often a person native to the setting, and he often
adds local color to the narrative. Themes also can also relate to the area of the
setting as well. Examples of stories with local color include Mark Twain's "The
Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" and many of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings' tales
of rural North Central Florida.

What is the first derivative of y= (4x^2 + 2x)/x^2. Can this be done without using the quotient rule.

Given that:

y= (4x^2 - 2x) /
x^2

We need to find the first derivative
y'.

First we will simplify the
expression.

We will factor x from the
numerator.

==> y= x*(4x + 2) /
x^2

Now we will reduce
x.

==> y= (4x+2)/x

Now
we will rewrite :

==> y= 4x/x +
2/x

==> y= 4 + 2/x

Now
we will find the derivative.

==> y' = 0 -
2/x^2

==> y' =
-2/x^2

How does The Outsiders relate to the quote below? "The ultimate measure of a man is not how he stands in moments of comfort and...

This is a very interesting quote with which to examine
this excellent novel. Of course, when reading it, the first character that comes to mind
is Johnny and his heroic, self-sacrificial act of saving the children from the fire in
the church. In particular, I recall Johnny's words in the letter that he sent to Ponyboy
and how, close to his death, he comes to a real understanding of the value of his
actions:

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Listen, I don't mind dying now. It's worth it.
It's worth saving those kids. Their lives are worth more than mine, they have more to
live for. Some of their parents came by to thank me and i know it was worth
it.

Clearly, Johnny has shown
his true character in that moment where he chose to save the lives of his children by
sacrificing his own.

However, at the same time I think of
other characters when I read this quote, such as Darry, who was forced to give up his
hopes of studying, even though he was intelligent enough to gain a scholarship, so that
he could look after his brothers. I also think of Ponyboy and how at the end of the
story he resolves to contribute something to try and help the horrendous division that
he has experienced. Each of them in a way are not living in moments of "comfort and
convenience," but are standing at times of "challenge and controversy." As a result,
they show their true colours.

What kind of tone is used in "In an Artist's Studio" by Christina Rosseti?

The tone of a work of literature can be defined as the
attitude that the author takes on the them, a character or an object within that work of
literature. When we consider the overwhelming message of this excellent poem, which
regards the way that men view and construct an idealised view of womanhood and
femininity that springs from their own imagination and has nothing to do with the way
that women themselves view their position and gender in society, we can describe the
tone as sad and sombre, as the speaker reflects upon this state of affairs in her
culture and society. Note how this wistful and sombre mood is created in the last three
lines of the poem:

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Not wan with waiting, not with sorrow
dim;

Not as she is; but was when hope shone
bright;

Not as she is, but as she fills his
dream.

The way that the
female subject of this poem is described clearly highlights the negative impact of this
idealisation upon her. She is described as a mere shadow of her former self, "when hope
shone bright." She now only has existence, not in her actual appearance (and note how
the four words "Not as she is" are repeated to emphasise this) but only as "she fills
his dream." She is interpreted and portrayed from his perspective, rather than having
any reality or life of her own. Thus the sombre tone of the poem is
established.

Is Cathy Earnshaw from Wuthering Heights "a headstrong child, rather than a tragic, romantic heroine"?

Cathy Earnshaw was once a headstrong child, and that is
undeniable. When we analyze her at age six, we see a child with a clear knowledge of her
background and rank. She is especially aware that she is above-status when compared to
Heathcliff.

As she becomes older, we see a somewhat
conceited woman whose headstrong nature makes her overlook her emotions. She ends up
marrying a man that she does not love simply because he is of the same class as her own.
She leaves Heathcliff alone and abandoned, not knowing that the wrath that is coming her
way would end up killing her.

However, it is precisely when
Heathcliff takes control of his life that Cathy becomes aware of what she lost. This is
the moment when she becomes a tragic hero. No longer do we see bouts of impertinence
coming from her, nor the spitefulness that she once was capable of feeling for those
below her. Now she sees what her life has become, and that life can change completely.
Slowly, she becomes a victim of Heathcliff. She continues to love him, long for him, and
desire him. Yet, she also wonders about him and, what is worse, she fears him
completely.

When she dies in childbirth there is no
question in the reader's mind that she is still thinking about Heathcliff. Therefore, it
is arguable that Cathy was meant to be a spoiled brat due to her status in society.
However, that changed when she faced reality and saw the new Heathcliff coming back into
her life.

How are the central social values portrayed in Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, creatively reshaped in Letters to Alice on First Reading Jane...

Weldon, a feminist, didn't share social values relevant to
Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Thus the values Austen acknowledged,
described and ofttimes ironically rebelled against are not Fay Weldon's values. Weldon
rebuffs the strident role playing American men and women engaged in when she was young.
Yet Austen's ironic rebellion and Weldon's earnest rebuffing don't measure similar
attitudes about received social values. Having said this, so it is clear that too close
a parallel cannot be drawn between the two women's perspectives, let's look at a couple
of examples of how Weldon reshapes the values Austen elucidates in Pride and
Prejudice.

Th purpose of Weldon's letters is the initiation
of Alice into Literature with a "capital 'L'," into the City of Invention, and into
Alice's orientation to the enlightenment manifest in Literature: Weldon asserts,
correctly, that Literature enlightens. She fulfills this purpose by escorting Alice on a
tour through Jane Austen's life and work.

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There is too much concentrated here ... too much
of the very essence of civilization, which is, I must tell you, connected to its
Literature. It is Literature, with a capital 'L'. (Letters to
Alice)

To start,
let's define "reshape." To reshape means to form something
anew; to form something differently from how it was previously shaped
(American Heritage and Collins Dictionaries). This applies to
Weldon in that she explains commonplaces of Austen's life and of Pride and
Prejudice in new light and by ascribing new
motives.

Two of the central values in Pride and
Prejudice are marriage and women's economic freedom. These are both best
illuminated through Charlotte's remarks and her marriage to Collins. Charlotte makes it
clear that her happiest hopes lie in marriage and her economic
independence--independence from dependence upon her father and his home--lies in
marriage to someone with Collins' present and future prospects: he is intimate with
nobility and will be a future property owner.

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Then it was the village girl, whose face was her
fortune, obliged to marry the rich man from fifty miles away, in order to survive.
(Letters to
Alice)

Weldon
reshapes these values relevant to Jane Austen by speculating that Austen chose not to
marry--which Weldon correctly points out equates to choosing not to have children
(children were the assumed expectation of marriage)--so that her energies might be
poured forth into Literature. This choice in turn reshapes social values by giving a
woman worth outside of wifedom and motherhood: Austen has social value by virtue of her
imagination; her place in the City of Invention; and her creative story invention. This
contrasts with Charlotte who accepts that the surest way to recognized social worth is
through marriage.

Weldon reshapes values relevant to
women's economic freedom by speculating on Austen's motives relating to her juvenilia.
In her youth, she wrote an unfinished novel, as Weldon explains, called Lesley
Castle, that she dedicated to her eldest brother Henry. The dedication
included a playful ascription authorizing payment of "the sum of one hundred guineas" to
Jane, "The Author." Weldon speculates that Austen recognized the monetary value of
writing and willfully sought that as her means to economic freedom. This is again in
contrast to Charlotte who recognizes her economic freedom (albeit limited economic
freedom) is in a marriage to a man with present and future
prospects.

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There! You see, [Jane Austen is] already
conscious that writing is worth money, deserves money, that pleasure for one is work for
another, and must be compensated for in financial terms. (Letters to
Alice)

A locker key has 4 digits,3 of which are less than 5 and the other is either 6,7,8 or 9.What is the probability that a random 4 digit number is the...

You are only allowed to ask one question at a
time. I have changed your question to comply with the
same.

The locker key has 4 digits. 3 of the 4
digits are less than 5 and the last digit is either 6, 7, 8 or
9.

The number of combinations we can have with the first 3
digits less than 5 and the last being either of 6, 7, 8 or 9 is 5^3*4 = 500. The digit
that is not less than 5 can be either of the four. This makes the total number of
combinations 500*4 = 2000.

The number of ways in which a
four digit number can be formed is 10^4 as each digit can be either of
0-9.

This makes the probability that any randomly chosen 4
digit number is the locker combination as 2000/10^4 =
2000/10000

The required probability is
0.2

What are some examples from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that support the theme that is central in this novel which is "Man's Inhumanity to...

One example is clearly represented by the scandalous,
base, and criminal acts of the "king" and "duke". They are both in a constant quest for
self interest and self gain, without taking into account other people's
losses.

We can see another example in Huck's father abusive
treatment: he prohibits Huck to ever go back to school, he compels him to provide him
with money, and he even kidnaps him, overlooking the law, and forces him to go live with
him.

A third instance of inhumanity we can observe in the
crowd's reaction when they find Jim. They want to kill him, publicly humiliating him so
that he will serve as an example for other black people who want to run away. The
crowd's attitude signals a readiness to judge people in a very hasty way, without
hearing their defense first.

Another example is depicted in
Tom Sawyer's thoughts about how Jim has to suffer like a real prisoner. Tom even
considers the possibility of sawing Jim's leg off instead of just sawing off the bed's
leg. Besides, Tom makes Jim's life more uncomfortable by bringing into the cabin
spiders, rats and snakes. This shows a serious lack of sensibility in Tom towards other
people's feelings.

Why would it be extremely difficult to effectively limit campaign spending?If campaign spending limits were effective, who would be hurt more those...

One reason that it would be very difficult to limit
campaign spending is that the Supreme Court has pretty much said that campaign spending
cannot be limited in any serious way.  There can be limits on what is given to
candidates, but you essentially can't limit what people spend on their own (not
coordinating with the candidate).

In general, unlimited
spending helps incumbents.  People who spend money on campaigns generally want something
in return (at the very least, they want access to power).  The incumbents are the ones
who have the power and are more likely to keep the power than the challengers are to win
the power.  So people will generally spend more money to help incumbents than to help
first time challengers.

Discuss the emotions felt by the accused in the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism in The Crucible.

In both settings, there is a feeling of helplessness that
overcomes the individuals who are unfairly accused of so- called "crimes."  Miller does
an excellent job in bringing out the fundamental challenge in both Salem and the
McCarthyist setting:  The body that is meant to represent law and order is corrupt. 
Seeing government in this light, as one controlled by personal interests instead of
promoting the general welfare, is a part of the emotional dynamic that its victims
experience.  It becomes evident when the accusations are starting to be leveled that
Abigail is not concerned with witches, but with the advancement of her own personal
agenda.  Law and order is not as important as the consolidation of her own power, and
this becomes part of the experience of being accused.  Proctor fully understands why she
is doing what she is doing and feels compelled to speak out against this.  When events
have spiraled to a point of no return, Proctor feels passionate enough about protecting
his own name, regardless of the cost.  In much the same way, individuals who were
unfairly accused by the McCarthyist approach to the pursuit of what was told to be
"justice," was only designed to consolidate certain individuals' power at the cost of
others.  Miller's own stance against this was similar to Proctor's in that, one's name
and resistance against such forces can be the only possible answer in such a
predicament.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what did Ewell mean when he said "it made one down and about two more to go"?In Chapter25

Bob was referring to Tom Robinson as the "one down" and to
Atticus and Judge Taylor as the "two more to go", because they were the people who
caused his public humiliation at the trial. We know he was planning to do something to
Judge Taylor, because in the book they mention Bob sneaking around the Judge's house,
but runs away when the lights turn on. 

However, Bob might
have went after Jem and Scout in attempt to hurt Atticus even
more.

In which ways does Mary Shelley criticize the Enlightenment in her novel Frankenstein?

While the writers of the Enlightenment period were focused
on leaving the "old ways" behind and turning to a new awakening of mankind in the most
intellectual and forward-thinking elements of society. Those enlightened beings
disregarded intuition and a confidence with the interaction with nature and the world
(to better understand mankind and the world in which he lived), but looked at the world
as an experiment, where life could be measured rationally, scientifically, without
thought to the human component of society.

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...the Enlightenment emerged as a social,
philosophical, political, and literary movement that espoused rational thought and
methodical observation of the world...leaving behind the dark ignorance and blind belief
that characterized the past...[looking] to evaluate and understand life by way of
scientific observation and critical reasoning rather than through uncritically accepted
religion, tradition, and social
conventions.

Mary Shelley was
raised in the company of great minds from the time she was very young. She would hide in
corners and behind chairs when her father entertained great writers and intellects, some
of whom would lead the literary movement of Romanticism. One of these men was Percy
Bysshe Shelley, who was not only one of the second-generation Romantic writers, but who
would also become Mary's husband when she was
sixteen.

Subsequently, Mary was greatly influenced by the
values of the Romantic writers, particularly Shelley, Lord Byron and John Keats. In her
own writing of Frankenstein, Mary provided warnings to those who
followed the tenets of Enlightenment by showing a man who had embraced the values of
that time (Victor Frankenstein), turning his back on the human element, and pursuing
that which was scientific, logical and progressive, only to lose all those he loved and
his very life (perhaps his soul?) in playing God and creating
life.

Victor Frankenstein believes his work will benefit
mankind: he wants to stop disease and put an end to death. This is representative of a
disciple of the Enlightenment movement who would believe his work to be ultimately
advantageous to society. However, Victor loses sight of the human side of what he does:
he creates a creature that he is not prepared to take care of, much like a new parent
without any sense of responsibility, and he runs away when the creature, innocent in his
creation, looks for guidance and acceptance. When Victor disappears, he acts as if the
problem he has created has simply vanished, but it has not: the creature is trying to
survive in a society that fears and abhors him, turning the creature into a
monster.

In the subsequent days that follow, the poorly
prepared Victor further alienates the creature and loses all his loved ones, as he
stumbles about trying placate the creature and abide by the laws of
mankind and God—steps that come much too late it would
seem.

Mary Shelley's tale of
Frankenstein is one of warning directed towards those who are too
quick to embrace the strictly logical and scientific aspects of this new movement,
without remaining aware of the human component—present in all things that are ruled by
the hands of mankind.

In "Anthem for Doomed Youth," "choirs" is used as a metaphor for: -eyes -shells -prayers -candles -none of these

Let us remember that a metaphor is a form of figurative
language in which one object is normally compared to another directly, without the use
of the words "like" or "as," as in a simile. Normally these two objects are very
different, and the metaphor helps us to see one point of comparison. Thinking about
this, this helps us to understand how this metaphor functions in this poem. Let us
remind ourselves of what is said:

No mockeries now for them; no
prayers nor bells; Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs, –The shrill,
dementedchoirs of wailing shells; And bugles calling for them from sad
shires.

We can see that this metaphor is part of an angry line that
refers to the dead soldiers who have "died like cattle" and are now only remembered by
the "choirs" of "wailing shells." Because of their ignomonious deaths on the
battlefield, they do not have a proper service. Instead, Owen imagines the sound of the
"wailing shells" to be the only choir that these dead soldiers will ever hear. Thus the
answer is "shells."

How is the theme of mortality addressed in The Iliad?

The theme of man's mortality is introduced immediately
into the poem in its opening lines:

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Rage--Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus son
Achilles,

murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaceans'
countless losses,

hurling down to the House of Death so
many sturdy souls,

great fighters' souls, but made their
bodies carrion,

feasts for the dogs and
birds,

and the will of Zeus was moving toward its
end.

This will be a tale of
death, with mortal bodies destroyed and souls released to make their spiritual journeys.
Thus man lives in a mortal state, his fate determined by "the will of Zeus." Death will
not be glorified here; broken bodies left on the field of battle will become "feasts for
the dogs and birds."

As the tale develops, however, man's
mortality becomes the state through which he may demonstrate sacrifice, courage, and
heroism. Hector refuses to remain within the safety of the gates of Troy, despite the
desperate pleadings of his wife and parents who fear his death. Achilles welcomes
fighting to his own death, feeling deep guilt over the loss of his dear friend
Patroclus. Priam faces death to bring home his son Hector's body. These characters are
willing to sacrifice their own mortality, with courage, for a good they deem greater
than their own lives.

Throughout the poem, man's mortality
is explored in terms of the capriciousness of the gods who intervene in human affairs.
Humans live or die as the gods determine, and the power of Zeus is
supreme:

. .
. Father Zeus held out his sacred golden scales:

in them he
placed two fates of death that lays men low--

one for
Achilles, one for Hector breaker of horses--

and gripping
the beam mid-half the Father raised it high

and down went
Hector's day of doom, dragging him down

to the strong House
of Death--

The
Iliad develops the idea that human beings are mortal, their deaths determined
by immortal gods; how they face death, however, is a matter of free will. Human beings
may choose to be heroic.

What is the importance of Crooks' character in Of Mice and Men?Please, can you include some quotes as well? I'm really struggling with of mice and...

In Of Mice and Men, Crooks is used to
juxtapose Lennie as the two "weak ones" left behind by the men when they go to the
cathouse.  As such, Crooks and Lennie are the lowest
ranking men in the Social Darwinian hierarchy of the
ranch.

Whereas Lennie the mentally weakest of the men,
Crooks is the strongest academically.  He is surrounded by
books and lives the life of an academic in his spare time.  Crooks repeatedly calls
Lennie "crazy."

Whereas Lennie is the strongest of the men,
Crooks is among the weakest (he's probably stronger than Candy).  As such, he feels
threatened by Lennie.

Crooks, then, is the lowest member on
the ranch: lower than Lennie, Curley's wife, and even Candy.  At least these characters
have partners: Crooks is completely alienated.  As such, he is an
outcast.  Observe:

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"S'pose you didn't have nobody. S'pose you
couldn't go into the bunk house and play rummy 'cause you was black. How'd you like
that? S'pose you had to sit out here an' read books. Sure you could play horseshoes till
it got dark, but then you got to read books. Books ain't no good. A guy needs
somebody-to be near him. A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. Don't make no
difference who the guy is, long's he's with you. I tell ya, I tell ya a guy gets too
lonely an' he gets sick"
(80).

Whereas
Lennie is the keeper of the dream, Crooks is the realist, killjoy, prig,
straight man: the one who sees through the dream.  He knows the false
idealism of the Dream Ranch:

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"I seen hunderds of men come by on the road an'
on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an' that same damn thing in their
heads. Hunderds of them. They come, an' they quit an' go on; an' every damn one of 'em's
got a little piece of land in his head. An' never a God damn one of 'em ever gets
it. Just like heaven. Everybody wants a little piece of lan'. I read plenty of books out
here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It's just in their head.
They're all the time talkin' about it, but it's jus' in their head"
(81).

Whereas Lennie is an
alazon (thinks he's better able than he really is), Crooks is an eiron,
(one who is capable of more than he has
done).

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Maybe you guys better go. I ain't sure I want you
in here no more. A colored man got to have some rights even if he don't like 'em"
(90).

How did the American tariff policy slightly cause the Great Depression to occur?

The US tariff policy didn't cause the Depression to start
since the Smoot-Hawley Tariff was not passed until 1930.  However, the tariff did help
to make the Depression worse.  This was because it helped to cut down on the amount of
trade going on between countries.

After the US enacted this
tariff, the governments of Canada and Great Britain, among others, enacted tariffs of
their own.  These may or may not have been in retaliation for the US tariff.  One way or
another, the tariffs' cumulative impact was considerable.  As the "salem-history" link
below says,

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The League of Nations estimated that the volume
of world trade declined in real terms by more than 65 percent between 1929 and
1933.

The US tariff policy
helped to cause this because it helped to make it less profitable for nations to trade
with each other and because it helped make other countries impose their own tariffs. 
These tariffs, and the reduction of trade that they caused, helped to deepen the
Depression.

What do Captain Ahab and the whale symbolize in Moby Dick?

These two figures exist in opposition to one another in
this novel. Captain Ahab casts the white whale, Moby Dick, as his enemy and the whale
seems to respond in kind. Beyond the formal representation of natural enemies, Ahab and
the whale are laden with further symbolic meaning. This is especially true of the whale,
whose meaning is discussed at length in the novel.

Moby
Dick stands as a figure of Nature in the text, a creature of the unbounded
sea.

In
developing the theme of the individual (Ahab) versus Nature (symbolized by Moby-Dick),
Melville explores the attributes of natural
forces.

Moby Dick is
therefore a representative of the chaos present in Nature. He is also emblematic of the
philosophical "natural order" that Ahab resists and challenges, which places God and
Nature above mankind, able to dictate man's fate. 

Various
anatomical descriptions are made of the whale, as the science of the day sought to
understand the world of Nature and in that way gain some access to its inner-workings if
not control of those mechanisms. These discussions are imbued with specific meanings
that underscore the symbolic signficance of the
whale.

The
whale’s head thus symbolizes the unsympathetic and irresistible forces of
nature.

If we reduce the pair
in opposition in this novel to a simple idea, we can say that Moby Dick is a
representative of Nature (or God) and Ahab stands for
mankind. 

The driving force behind Ahab's philosophical
rebellion and his need for revenge is his insistence on free-will. He will not suffer
the ignoble fate dictated to him by the whale; will not humbly accept the loss of his
leg. Even if the whale kills him, Ahab will choose his own
doom. 

Thus, Ahab represents mankind in rebellion against
Nature, fate, or God. 

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He will fight against fate, rather than resign
himself to a divine providence.

if x+y+z=10,find the maximum value of 1/x+4/y+9/z?

Given that x + y + z = 10 we need to find the maximum
value of 1/x + 4/y + 9/z.

We have to assume that
x, y and z are distinct and have integral values to be able to derive the maximum value
of 1/x + 4/y + 9/z. If they can have any value the expression can have a value that
tends to infinity.

Working under the constraints
mentioned, we take z as the smallest integer between 0 and 10. That makes z = 1, y is
the integer that follows 1 or 2 and x = 10 - 3 = 7.

This
gives 1/x + 4/y + 9/z = 1/7 + 4/2 + 9/1 = 1/7 + 2 + 9 =
78/7

If x, y and z have integral values the
maximum value of 1/x + 4/y + 9/z = 78/7

What evidence can be given to support the statement that Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is a tragedy?

Frankenstein's themes ring
of Shakespeare's Macbeth, a tragedy in which moral and social
concerns are of no concern to Macbeth is his vaulting ambition which pursues the crown
of Scotland.  For, much akin to Macbeth is Victor Frankenstein, who in his hubris,
pushes the boundaries of science to supranatural levels in his formation of a living
creature.

Further, Victor Frankenstein, in his
hubris, or tragic arrogance, meets the definition of a tragic
hero;

1. Victor is of noble, or aristocratic birth,
   


2. He discovers his fate is a result of his own actions. 
   For instance, he knows that the creature has promised him harm if he does not create the
   female creature.


3. He sees and understands his doom. 
   Victor tells Walton that he is defeated and will soon die after pursuing the
   creature.


4. His story arouses fear and empathy.  Walton is
   most sympathetic, and he fears for Victor.


5. Victor suffers
   more than he deserves.  His brother, dearest friend, and lover are all
   killed.


6. His mistake is the cause of his
   misfortune.

Discuss satire and irony in The God of Small Things.

In this excellent novel Arundhati Roy seems to turn her
rapier-like wit and intellect on many aspects of modern Indian life, as well as
traditional Indian life. You might like to consider how she variously satirises the
caste system, the British Raj and British involvement in India, Communism, globalisation
and development. These are just some of the targets that she
demolishes.

One of the more amusing examples for me is seen
in Chapter One when Rahel returns to her old family home and sees the transformation
that buying a satellite dish has wrought in Baby Kochamma and how old serials and
poor-quality television now dominate her life. Now she has the satellite dish, we are
told that "She presided over the World in her drawing room on satellite TV." Note how
the description continues:

readability="18">

Blondes, wars, famines, football, sex, music,
coups d'etat--they all arrived on the same train. They unpacked together. They stayed at
the same hotel... And so, while her ornamental garden wilted and died, Baby Kochamma
followed American NBA league games, one-day cricket and all the Grand Slam tennis
tournaments. On weekdays she watched The Bold and the Beautiful and
Santa Barbara, where brittle blondes with lipstick and hairstyles
rigid with spray seduced androids and defended their sexual
empires.

Note how both
American shows are satirised by their characterisation as women "defending their sexual
empires" but also the way that Roy comments on the global American culture that is
beamed in to so many homes in the developing world and gives such a distorted impression
of life and the world and, in turn, distorts the lives of those who watch such
shows.

Having looked at this example, you might want to
pick another from the list I gave you in the first paragraph and consider how Roy
satirises that aspect of the novel. Good luck!

Using secants, approximate the instantaneous rate of change at x=2 for the function f(x) = -x^2+4x+1. Show a couple of approximations.

The instantaneous rate of change of a function f(x) at a
point x=a is given by the slope of the secant line that passes through the points (a ,
f(a)) and (a + h, f( a+ h)). The slope is [f(a+h) - f(a)] /
h

For the given problem we have f(x) = -x^2 + 4x + 1 and a
= 2.

Let us calculate the value of [f(a+h) - f(a)] / h for
a few values of h:

[f(a+h) - f(a)] /
h

=> [(-(2 + 1)^2 + 4*(2 + 1) + 1) - (-2^2 + 4*2 +
1)]/1

=> [( -3^2 + 12 + 1) + 4 - 8 -
1]

=> -1

[f(a+h) -
f(a)] / h

=> [(-(2 + 0.5)^2 + 4*(2 + 0.5) + 1) -
(-2^2 + 4*2 + 1)]/0.5

=>
-0.25/0.5

=>
-0.5

[f(a+h) - f(a)] /
h

=> [(-(2 + 0.01)^2 + 4*(2 + 0.01) + 1) - (-2^2 +
4*2 + 1)]/0.01

=> -1*10^-4/
0.01

=>
-0.01

As h becomes smaller we get closer to
the actual slope that is -2*2 + 4 = 0.

What hapeens when the following are heated?? 1) Lead Nitrate 2)Copper Sulphate (Hydrous) 3)Lead Peroxide 4)Cupric Carbonate 5)Zince Carbonate...

1) 2Pb(NO3)2   ->  2PbO + 4NO2 + O2. Products on
heating are lead monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen accompanied by decrepitation
(crackling sounds as small particles explode).

2) Blue
hydrated CuSO4.5H2O  -> CuSO4 + 5H2O 1st turns white as the water of
crystallization is driven off. On further heating decomposition and decrepitation occur:
CuSO4  ->  CuO + SO3. Black copper(II)oxide is formed and sulphur trioxide gas is
made which causes fumes at the mouth of the test tube as it absorbs atmospheric water
vapour to form sulphuric acid droplets.

3) Also known as
lead dioxide, and lead(IV)oxide.                                       2PbO2  ->
2PbO  +  O2. Yellow lead(II)oxide is made and oxygen gas which can be detected by
re-kindling a glowing splint.

4) AKA copper (II) carbonate.
 CuCO3 -> CuO + CO2. Black copper(II)oxide is made and carbon dioxide gas which
can be shown to turn limewater milky.

5)  Zinc carbonate
(calamine) decomposes to zinc oxide and carbon dioxide: ZnCO3 -> ZnO +
CO2

6) Never heard of this stuff.

In "Anthem for Doomed Youth," the most alliteration in lines 1-4 is found in which line?

Alliteration is an example of a literary device where, in
a series of words that may or may not be next to each other, the initial consonant sound
is repeated to create a special sound effect. If you think about it, alliteration is
commonly found on a day-by-day basis in newspapers and their headlines, which are more
impactful because of the alliteration they employ. Quickly scanning the first four lines
of this excellent poem therefore, it is clear that line 3 contains the best example of
alliteration. Let us examine the first four lines:

readability="6">

What passing-bells for these who die as
cattle?
Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
Only the stuttering
rifles' rapid rattle
Can patter out their hasty
orisons.

Note how the
repetition of the "r" sound operates in line 3 to create alliteration in "rifle's rapid
rattle," which itself seems to be onomatopoeic as it enacts the "stuttering" and "rapid"
sound of the rifles rattling as men shoot each other and men die as if they were nothing
more than "cattle."

Where and when does Holden get the red hunting hat?

You can find the answer to this question right at the
start of Chapter 3.  It's about one page into that chapter (page 17 in my copy of the
book).

Holden Caulfield gets the red hunting hat while he
is in New York City on the day that the novel starts (this is when he is in with the
fencing team and loses all their stuff).  Right after he loses the swords, they get out
of the subway and he sees the hat in the window of a sporting goods
store.

He likes it and buys it for one
dollar.

In The Chrysalids, how does the setting contribute to the atmosphere, or mood, of the story?

I think we need to remember above all that the setting is
in a community which is so righteous and zealous about protecting itself from any forms
of deviance that these are destroyed or disposed of straight away. This religious
extremism adds a real sense of horror to the story as we know the kind of fate that
David and his group of fellow telepaths would suffer if they were caught. We are given
many different examples of foreshadowing to indicate this, most poignantly in the dream
that David has of his father slaughtering Sophie as he would do a deviant
calf:

The
sun's edge began to show above the horizon, and everyone started to sing a hymn. My
father held Sophie with one arm just as he had held the struggling calf. He raised the
other hand high, and as he swept it down the knife flashed in the light of the rising
sun, just as it had flashed when he cut the calf's
throat...

Note how this dream
contributes to creating a setting of fear and violence. It reinforces how the Waknukians
are opposed to everything that David and his telepathic friends stand for and their very
existence. This in turn helps to create a mood that is not unlike a time bomb, as we
wait for the discovery to occur and the violence and tragedy to be unleashed. Thus the
setting helps establish the menacing and threatening mood that dominates the
story.

How does the quote,"You should have brought the flashlight, Jem" create mood in To Kill a Mockingbird?The quote is in Chapter 28, at the beginning...

I don't think this particular quote lends a tremendous
amount of mood or atmosphere just by itself. However, it does foreshadow things to come
after the children return from the Halloween pageant at the school.
Harper Lee has already begun creating the foreboding mood of darkness and fear in the
preceding paragraphs, describing the children walking past the Radley Place in the
receding twilight by themselves. (Remember, Atticus would normally walk with the
children after dark, but he was too tired after being in Montgomery all week.) There is
the mention of shadows, a strong wind and the possibility of rain. The children have
been talking of "Haints, hot steams and incantations" as they feel their way forward,
careful not to bump into a tree. Scout trips on a tree root just before making the
comment about needing a flashlight, and then they are both surprised when Cecil Jacobs
jumps out and scares them. They seem relieved for Cecil to join them on the remainder of
their walk to the school, but afterwards, by themselves in the dark, the mood turns from
scary to murderous.  

In Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, identify what each character represents: the Redcrosse Knight, the dragon, Arthur, & Una.

Edmund Spenser's epic poem, The Faerie
Queene, is largely a symbolic tale, dedicated to Elizabeth
I.

Spenser
needed a patron to provide for his support while he worked, and patrons expect that the
artists they support will write flattering words. This was certainly the case with
Spenser's work, The Faerie Queene, which is meant to celebrate
Elizabeth I and, oftentimes, flatter
her.

In the poem, Spenser
creates the the premise that Elizabeth I is descended from King Arthur of the Round
Table.

Arthur is presented as himself, however he is
enamored of the Faerie Queene, rather than Guinevere. He worships and pursues the Queene
when not helping the other knights of the Round
Table.

Prince
Arthur is the Knight of Magnificence, the perfection of all
virtues.

The Redcrosse Knight
(an allusion, perhaps, to  the knights of the Crusades with a red cross on a white
"robe," as well as symbolizing piety and morality) represents the country of England.
(He is shown the future to learn that, one day, he will be the patron saint of England,
Saint George.) He travels with Una who represents the "True
Church."

The dragon (that, according to some sources,
represents Death) is attacking Una's parents' castle, and the Redcrosse Knight has
joined her to battle the dragon. Una defeats the false church and the recreated Mary
Queen of Scots, Elizabeth I's archenemy (who is already dead, executed for treason
against the British
Crown).

Additional
Source:

http://www.jstor.org/pss/3187985

What are examples of metaphor, alliteration, characterization, dialogue, foreshadowing, irony, imagery, and onomatopoeia in The...

Metaphor: Johnny is described
as 'a little dark puppy that has been kicked too many times and is lost in a crowd of
strangers', thus emphasizing his vulnerable
qualities

Alliteration: Near
the end of the book, when Johnny dies from his injuries incurred in saving the children
from the burning church, and Dallas dies in a 'suicide-by-cop' scenario, Ponyboy
reflects: 'Two of my friends had died that night, one a hero, the other a hoodlum'. The
'h' in front of 'hero' and 'hoodlum' is an example of alliteration. It links the deaths
of the two characters while at the same time contrasting them: Johnny the heroic
rescuer, and Dallas the violent criminal (although, as Ponyboy remembers, Dallas also
had his good points)

Imagery:
the recurring image of the sunset, which symbolizes the finer things of life and the
sensitive, dreamy side of characters like Ponyboy, Cherry and
Johnny

Foreshadowing: When
reading the book Gone With the Wind Johnny remarks that the
Southern gentlemen, who bravely meet theri death, remind him of Dally. Although Ponyboy
can't see the resemblance then, at the end of the book Dally is said to die in a
similarly 'gallant' manner like those Southern
gentlemen.

Dialogue: in the
following extract, we see the tenseness between the Socs and Greasers and how they
deliberately try and needle each other.

readability="14">

Two-Bit put his elbow on Johnny's shoulder. "Who
you callin' bums?"

"Listen, greasers, we got four more of
us in the back seat..."

"Then pity the back seat," Two-Bit
said to the sky.

"If you're looking for a
fight..."

Irony:
Johnny and Ponyboy are not tough and hardened like the other Greasers yet they are the
ones who end up facing the rap for murder and hiding out from the
police.

Characterisation:
After several lines of describing Sodapop's charismatic and happy-go-lucky nature,
Ponyboy sums him up by saying that 'he gets drunk on just plain
living'.

What is Gatsby's dialogue like in this chapter? (Chapter 5) And what does it tell us about Gatsby?

One of the most striking aspects of Gatsby's conversation
in Chapter five is the secretive nature of much of it.  When he talks to Nick about
getting him a job or putting him in a good position to make more money (having seen the
rather humble circumstances Nick is living in) he can't tell him anything about it,
avoiding questions and saying it is a rather confidential
thing.

He is magnanimous and withdrawn at the same time,
totally afraid of what will happen when he meets with Daisy again.  He extends himself
to Nick and then completely withdraws once he thinks that Daisy isn't going to show
up.

So we learn that he is involved in some shady business
that he can't tell anyone about up front, and then once Daisy shows up, we see that he
is buoyed by what he sees as the possibility of their future
romance.

Compare the techniques seen in the works of Russian impressionist painters with those of the French impressionists?

Although Russian impressionism became a popular artistic
style in the Soviet Union nearly a hundred years after the French impressionists made
their mark, stylistically, the Russian artists embraced the same techniques:  heavy
brush strokes, bold, vibrant colors, and an emphasis on spontaneous, and often plein-air
(out in the open) subject matter.  Despite these similarities, Russian artists put a
unique stamp on their work, which was informed by Soviet isolationism and lack of
exposure to the West until the "perestroika" in the early 90's.  Another parallel exists
when one looks at the political and social conditions of the artists' respective
countries at the time they were doing the great part of their work.  Both France in the
late 1800's, and Russia in the mid to late 1900's, were in the midst of social/political
upheaval and change, characteristics that are reflected in the work of both French and
Russian impressionists.

How to integrate cos^7 x*sinx?

So, we'll have to calculate the indefinite integral of the
function (cos x)^7*sin x.

Int (cos x)^7*sin x
dx

We'll solve the indefinite integral using substitution
technique.

We'll put cos x = t =>-sin x dx =
dt

We'll raise to 7th power cos
x:

(cos x)^7  = t^7

We'll
re-write the integral:

-Int t^7 dt = -t^8/8 +
c

We'll substitute t by cos
x:

Int (cos x)^7*sin x dx = -(cos x)^8/8 +
C

Why was Adam Smith important to the industrial revolution??

Adam Smith was important to the Industrial Revolution
because he was the most important thinker behind the idea of laissez-faire economics. 
In other words, he wanted the government to stop trying to tell businesses what to do. 
Instead, he wanted the "invisible hand" of competition and consumer choice to tell
businesses what to do.

Smith was also an advocate of the
idea of division of labor.  In a system with division of labor, each worker does only
one task or a few tasks in the process of making a larger thing.  Instead of having one
worker make a whole shoe, for example, you have one worker just cut out the pieces all
day long.  Or you have one just sew the tongues on the shoes.  This means that the
person only has to master one skill and things can be done more
efficiently.

These two ideas were both very important for
the Industrial Revolution.  The first of them encouraged governments to let businesses
do what they wanted instead of telling them what to do.  The second helped businesses
understand the best way to get more efficiency out of their
workers.

What are some impacts that King Henry VIII made on the church?

There are at least two very major impacts that Henry VIII
had on the church in England.

First, it was Henry who
caused the break between the English church and the Roman Catholic Church.  He caused
this break largely because he wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon and the Church would
not let him (largely because the Pope was at that time being pressured heavily against
it by Catherine's nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor).

Second,
Henry was behind the dissolution of all the monasteries in England.  Monasteries in
those days were very rich and powerful.  Henry dissolved them in part because they were
Catholic and in part because he wanted their riches.

Thus,
Henry had two major impacts on the church.  He broke the English church away from Rome,
making the Church of England and he dissolved all the monasteries in England, destroying
what had once been the backbone of the Catholic Church in
England.

Evaluate President Hoover's efforts to combat the Depression.

Pres. Hoover is, in my mind, more maligned than he ought
to be for his efforts to combat the Depression.  He did more than any other president
ever had to try to use the government's power to help the economy.  However, he did not
do enough to end the Depression.  Worse yet, he did not do a good job of convincing
Americans that he cared.

Hoover was not a do-nothing
president.  He did try lending money to businesses to get them to hire more people.  He
did try to create jobs through public works programs like the Boulder Dam.  The problem
was that the Depression was too deep for his efforts to be
sufficient.

We should note, though, that FDR's efforts
weren't sufficient either.  Not even the New Deal actually managed to end the
Depression.  It took WWII to do that.

I think that Hoover's
efforts were well-intentioned, but insufficient.  The economic crisis was deeper than he
could have imagined and so he did not do enough to end it.  However, what he really did
wrong was that he never talked as if he understood the problems that were going on in
the nation.  This is why he is remembered so badly.

What strategy did the Allies use to defeat Japan?

My history class just went over this last week
:)

Since naval confrontation with Japanese war ships proved to be too
costly for the US and its allies, they eventually resorted with aerial assults on enemy
ships. Ofcourse, the Japanese had their kamikaze planes to take out destroyers or
aircraft carriers. It was primarily that reason the campaign in the Pacific led to
mostly bombing Japanese ships while US destroyers would go after Japanese
subs.

In 1946, when Truman came into office, even he wasn't
aware of the atomic bombs production nor was he sure they would even work. But in his
decision to end the war, he gave the go ahead to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Air strike
was the way to go since the Japanese had bigger and better guns than the
Allies.

I need to find the value of n if the graph of f(x)=n*x+n-4 is passing through the point A(n,-2).

If the point A lies on the graph of the given function,
it's coordinates must verify the equation of the
function.

A(n,-2) belongs to graph of f(x)
<=> f(n) = n*n + n - 4 = -2

We'll compute
f(n):

n^2 + n - 2 = 0

We'll
apply quadratic formula:

n1 = [-1 + sqrt(1 +
8)]/2

n1 = (-1 + 3)/2

n1 =
1

n2 = (-1 - 3)/2

n2 =
-2

Since there are no conditions imposed concerning the
nature of the value of n, we'll keep them both, therefore there are two points that may
be located on the graph of f(x): (1 ; -2) and (-2 ,
-2).

The requested values for n are: {-2 ;
1}.

Identifiy three examples of indirect characterization used to portray Sasha in "A Problem" by Anton Chekhov.

I have assumed this question is refering to the short
story, "A Problem." I have edited your question to indicate this. Let us just remind
ourselves that indirect characterisation is when we are given some clues about a
character and their traits but we are told this information indirectly, through things
they do or say or what others say about them. Note Sasha's response as he hears his
family debate his future so vigorously:

readability="9">

Sasha Uskov sat at the door and listened. He felt
neither terror, shame, nor depression, but only weariness and inward
emptiness.

Note the way that
this quote identifies Sasha's feelings of detachment and his apathy. He doesn't care
about his future and has no emotional involvement in what is going to happen to
him.

Note what he says in response to what he
hears:

"If
Siberia, then let it be Siberia, damn it
all!"

Again, his lack of
investment in what happens to him and where he might be sent reinforces his general
sense of pessimism and how superemely indifferent he is abotu his
future.

However, it is clear that he is not that detached,
for he still cares enough about his name to desire to defend himself from false
charges:

readability="10">

Sasha was indifferent, and was only disturbed by
one circumstance; on the other side of the door they were calling him a scoundrel and a
criminal. Every minute he was on the point of jumping up, bursting into the study and
shouting in answer to the detestable metallic voice of the Colonel: "You are
lying!"

This clearly does
indicate that, as apathetic and detached as Sasha feels, his name and reputation is
still important to him, as it provokes anger in him when he is slandered and a desire to
defend himself.