How did the Cold War affect higher education?

There are at least two ways in which the Cold War affected
higher education.

First, the McCarthyism of the early 1950s
affected higher education by making it important for professors to watch what they said
in class or in their writings.  Professors were watched closely to ensure that they were
not saying things that would be construed as promoting communism.  In this way, the Cold
War diminished academic freedom.

Second, the alarm that was
caused by Sputnik led to increased funding for education, particularly in the sciences. 
This increased funding helped to expand the numbers of programs that institutions of
higher learning could offer.  In this way, the Cold War helped higher education by
increasing the federal funds available to universities.