Shaken baby syndrome involves the brain which is part of
the central nervous system. Three features should be evident in order to make a
diagnosis of SBS: subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and brain
swelling.
A subdural heatoma
is a collection of blood on the surface of the brain, usually caused by
torn bridging veins on the outermost part of the brain. A retinal
hemorrhage is bleeding of the retina in the eye caused by physical trauma
and can result in severe vision impairment. Lastly, brain swelling
occurs as a result of the brain being slammed against the walls of the
skull. Brain contusions cause intracranial pressure; because the brain is encased
tightly within the skull, it has nowhere to go when it begins to swell. This can be
fatal if the pressure is not relieved by removing a piece of the skull and allowing the
brain to swell.
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