When Polonius interrupts Gertrude and Claudius in
Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act Two, scene two, the audience learns of
his true character. Although he serves the King, he is simply
the...
readability="6">
...elderly and long-winded courtier and chief
counselor in the Danish court. Polonius demonstrates a propensity for hypocrisy and
spying...
Polonius is a
master at href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/double-speak?s=t">double-speak:
saying a lot that may sound important, but really means nothing. He
is self-serving, and trying hard to show himself as indispensable to the new King. He is
also convinced of his own self-importance. He provides excellent advice to his son
Laertes in Act One, but cannot follow his words of wisdom himself. Polonius sets the
stage by allowing the newly arrived ambassadors from Norway to speak first, saving the
best (himself) for last:
readability="7">
POLONIUS:
Give
first admittance to the ambassadors.
My news shall be the
fruit to that great feast.
(54-55)
When he
begins, Polonius href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pontificate?s=t">pontificates,
going on a nonsensical tirade regarding majesty, night and time. He notes that to try to
explain these things would be a waste of time...exactly what he is
doing.
readability="19">
POLONIUS:
My
liege, and madam, to expostulate
What majesty should be,
what duty is,
Why day is day, night night, and time is
time.
Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time.
(92-95)
Ironically,
he says that it is wisest to be brief, but is unable to
be brief. He claims that Hamlet is
mad, but to explain madness would be insane. Speaking in circles, Gertrude grows weary
of his pointless babbling, telling Polonius to give them
details and stop playing with
words:
readability="6">
QUEEN:
More
matter, with less art.
(102)
With a great
deal more rambling, the old man tries to convince Gertrude and Claudius that he has
answers they need, and in doing so he involves his daughter—he tells the royal couple
that he is certain Hamlet's love for Ophelia is responsible for
Hamlet's unusual behavior. He reads a love letter Hamlet wrote to Ophelia as proof that
what he says is true.
In truth, Hamlet is feigning madness
to discover if Claudius murdered Hamlet's father. Everything Hamlet does with regard to
his mother, Claudius, the rest of the court, and even Ophelia, is to lull everyone into
a sense that Hamlet is not a threat because he is crazy. In this way, Hamlet hopes
Claudius will mistakenly expose his guilt.
Polonius'
bumbling convinces the audience that Polonius is actually a fool. Gertrude seems
impatient with his nonsensical blathering, yet Claudius listens to it all, even agreeing
to spy with Polonius on Hamlet and Ophelia. This shows not only that Polonius is silly,
but also that Claudius may be ignorant as to how one who is King
should act—Old Hamlet (we can assume) would have done so by showing
Polonius the door. Preoccupied with what he has done, we might infer that Claudius is
more interested in guaranteeing his place on the throne. Gertrude has the experience of
being a queen; Claudius (as far as we know) has no idea of how to act with kingly grace.
Polonius draws the attention of the King away from
international relations (with Norway), focusing things squarely on Hamlet, but including
Ophelia so that Polonius himself will still be involved in what is taking place, feeding
his need to be essential in what is to follow.
All of
these things become apparent with Polonius' ridiculous behavior, introduced as he
interrupts the royal court.