How does Harper Lee communicate her main themes and ideas in To Kill a Mockingbird? Use textual evidence to support your answer.This is an essay...

Harper Lee develops her main themes--primarily those of
racism, intolerance and loss of innocence--through the two main plots of To
Kill a Mockingbird. The first main plot is established in Chapter 1 with the
introduction of the mysterious Boo Radley, and the children's interest in him continues
to grow for most of Part One. In Part Two, the Tom Robinson trial takes central focus
for the first dozen chapters before the main focus returns to Boo Radley in the final
four chapters. Primarily through Scout and these two characters--Boo and Tom--are most
of the themes developed. The children slowly learn the meaning of tolerance as they
change their attitudes about Boo: He goes from being a scary ghoul who prowls the
neighborhood at night to a lonely man in search of friendship (once the children realize
that he is the source of the gifts in the secret knothole). The approaching trial of Tom
Robinson teaches them about the attitudes of the town, and then the children get to see
for themselves how justice is served when an accused black man goes before an all-white
jury. Loss of innocence is evident in both Boo and Tom, but it is the children who
are the main focus of this theme. By the end of the novel, they have seen some major
events unfold before them, and nearly all of them are
troubling. 

What is the use of heavy water in nuclear reactors?

Heavy water plays an important role in the functioning of
nuclear reactors that use uranium which has not undergone enrichment to increase the
percentage of uranium-235 as the fuel.

Uranium consists of
many isotopes, the largest percentage being U-238 followed by U-235. Only atoms of U-235
can undergo fission. The fission of U-235 is initially started by bombarding it with
neutrons. When atoms of U-235 breakup it generates more neutrons which lead to the
fission of more atoms of U-235.

The role of heavy water
here is to reduce the speed of neutrons that are produced. This is important as it
increases the probability that the neutrons will react with U-235 and lead to more
fission reactions rather than get absorbed by U-238 which would not cause any reaction.
As heavy water has the isotope deuterium instead of normal hydrogen it also does not
absorb neutrons like normal water does.

Heavy water due to
these properties is essential to ensure that a chain reaction is started when normal
uranium is used as fuel. The alternative to using heavy water would be to enrich the
uranium and increase the percentage of U-235 which is an expensive
process.

Please give examples that support the following statement about imperialism in Africa.I Need Exaples For This! Similarly, in Africa, one could say...

I assume that what you are saying is that you need
examples of how only a few countries in Africa are doing at all well.  If so, I would
turn to the CIA's World Factbook.

By
using this resource, you can look up facts about the economies, educational systems, and
other things about various African countries.  If you use the actual cia.gov link, you
can click through and find out how African countries compare to
others.

For example, you could find out that Benin has a
GDP per capita of $1600.  That means, more or less, that the country produces $1600 per
year for each person that lives there.  You can also see (use the link that ends
bn.html) that Benin is 198th in the world in this category.  If you click on the little
198 there, you get a chart of the GDP per capita of all the countries in the world.  (Or
copy and paste this
link

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html?countryName=Benin&countryCode=bn&regionCode=af&rank=198#bn

Using
that, you could look for all the countries in Africa.  You'd see that, for example,
there is only one African country in the top 50 for
GDP.

You can use the Factbook to find out literacy rates,
rates of infant mortality, and other things that show how well off (or not) a country
is.

What is the depreciation expense in the following case?Ace company purchased a machine valued at $320,000 on August 1. The equipment has an...

We are given the initial cost of the machine as $320,000
and it is expected to produce 2.5 million units. The question provides information which
asks for the application of many methods of calculating depreciation simultaneously,
which is not possible to do.

Using the units of production
method of depreciation doesn’t require the useful lifespan or the salvage
value.

The depreciation expense according to this method is
given by (depreciation expense per unit)*(number of units produced). The depreciation
expense per unit is given by (initial cost)/ (estimated number of units that can be
produced)

For the given machine the depreciation expense is
(320,000/2,500,000). The number of units manufactured is 710,000. This gives the total
depreciation expense as (320,000/2,500,000)*710,000 = $
90880.

The required depreciation expense is
given by option C and is equal to $90880.

Who does Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, blame for slavery?

This is open to debate, as you're talking about the
background motivations of an author in the 1850s.  The novel itself was written in
response to the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, requiring Northerners to aid the
recapture of runaway slaves.  In this sense, she blames
lawmakers. 

On another level, Stowe blames slaveowners,
some of whom are portrayed as kind and paternalistic in the novel.  To her, slaveowning
is an absolute moral wrong, regardless of how kind or cruel an owner
is.

Lastly, I think she places blame on those in the North
who tolerate slavery, or refuse to take up the abolitionist cause.  I think she is most
angry with this crowd, particularly northern Chrisitians.

How does the nurse differ in Act 3 to the first time we meet her in Romeo and Juliet?

At the point of the drama in Act III, the nurse has become
more involved  with what is happening between Romeo and Juliet.  She is much more of an
advocate for both children than the manner in which she is shown at the start of the
play, where we know her as more of Juliet's servant.  In Scene 3, for example, the Nurse
is stern with Romeo when he gives himself to his emotions and wants to harm himself. 
She forces him to stop and reexamine the situation and focus on what needs to be done. 
As opposed to someone who is blinded by the feud, the Nurse understands that both
children share strong feelings for one another and while what Romeo did was bad, there
is a relationship between both young people which guides her actions.  In the opening
scenes of the act, the Nurse is distraught with what happened to Tybalt.  Yet,
demonstrating the greater sense of advocacy that emerges in her character, she does not
let this blind her, but rather she understands the severity of the situation and becomes
a stronger resource for both children.  The nurse demonstrates herself to be a better
parent and caretaker than Juliet's own parents, later shown in the
act.

In the play The Importance of Being Earnest, explain the theme of "the dandy" (Wilde as Algernon).

Great question!

In order to
understand the character of Algernon Moncrieff, one must first understand the concept of
dandyism, its origins, and its role in
literature.

Victorians witnessed the advent of the middle
class as a powerful socioeconomic stratum in which individuals could earn their way to
the riches that once were exclusive to the aristocratic classes. The growth of
industrialization propelled new types of jobs, and more people were earning a good
living from the benefits that came as a result of the creation of many new sources of
work.

Meanwhile, those who had acquired their riches
through inheritances, or family names, noticed how their own funds were decreasing
since the increase in population and businesses made life in London quite
expensive.

Interestingly, the upper classes would not budge
and stuck strongly to their pride as well as to their supposed "rights" as aristocrats
to still be placed on a social "pedestal". An example of this in the play can be seen in
Lady Bracknell's ill treatment of Jack Worthing, and her interest in knowing his
finances prior to learning about his family
name.

Conversely the middle classes, with no family names
to boast, wanted to mingle with the upper classes (many of whom were now bankrupt) to be
able to earn a status. Both sides would benefit in the end. The friendship between Jack
and Algernon is an example of this. Algernon clearly was bankrupt and broke, but used
Jack as his resource for meals and entertainment. Jack, who had more money than Algernon
but no family name, could have at least the honor of meeting Algernon's aristocratic
friends.

These social dynamics compose the background from
which the dandy comes. The dandy represents excess without responsibility, charm without
the need for intelligence, and fun without consequences.  The dandies in Victorian
England (such as Disraeli, D'Orsay, and Byron among others) were notorious for
possessing the qualities that would equal the metro-sexual uber fashionable man of the
21st century: Well dressed, exquisite tastes, Renaissance men-types, and charmers to the
maximum.

Oscar Wilde was also a dandy, but not to the
extent of the previously mentioned. He adopted his dandy persona during his second
transformation (after his aesthetic years), and his purpose was to embody Balzac, who
was also known for his dandyism.  Wilde, as an observer of society, viewed dandies as
the ultimate models of pleasure: They went around well-dressed and well-fed living only
of their charms. Thus, he embodied Algernon as one of those famous Victorian characters
whom seem so admirable, and yet were so naughty and
irresponsible.

One cannot deny that he did the trick.
Everyone loves Algernon, and the biographies of dandies are irresistible. Wilde did his
best at always adding a dandy to his plays and works. They are famous for their wit,
their charm, and their personal beauty. They are the force that drives most of his works
and carry his most famous epigrams. Therefore, their role in Wildean literature is to
charm in paper as much as their charmed in person.

How does the wit of the gods compare to the wit of man in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex?

If we are to define the term wit as
referring to "understanding, intelligence, ... astuteness, [or] wisdom," rather than the
standard definition of being perceptive, clever, and amusing, then we can say that
Sophocles' Oedipus Rex certainly portrays the gods as
having more wit, or understanding and intelligence than man ( title=""Wit," Random House Dictionary, dictionary.com"
href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wit?s=t">Random House
Dictionary).

The gods are
portrayed as omnipotent and all-knowing. We especially see
the portrayal of the gods as being all-knowing when the characters in the play
repeatedly refer to the use of oracles and prophecies in order to learn from the gods.
In the beginning of the play, Creon is sent to Delphi to consult Apollo's oracle in
order to learn how the Thebans can put an end to the city's current plague. When Creon
returns, we learn that the gods are well aware, and have been for some time, that King
Laius was murdered by someone who currently resides in Thebes. Disaster stems from the
gods whenever someone commits an unclean act, such as murder or breaking any other godly
decree. Therefore, Apollo tells Creon through his oracle that the only way to purify the
city and thus heal the plague is by either exiling or killing the murderer, as we see in
Creon's lines:

readability="8">

By driving a man into exile, or undoing murder
with murder again, since this blood shakes our city like a storm.
(111-113)

In contrast,
Oedipus is completely
oblivious to how serious the murder was that he committed and what its
true ramifications are, despite the fact that he even learned he would commit the deed
through Apollo's very same oracle at Delphi. When Oedipus was a young man, he was told
through the oracle that he would kill his own father and sleep with his own mother;
however, even though he killed a man on the road immediately after he was given the
prophecy, he was too blind and too
naive to realize that the prophecy had just been fulfilled. Even when
Tiresias informs Oedipus that he is the murderer of King Laius and tells him he is being
blind, Oedipus is still too stubborn to realize the truth of the prophecy. We especially
see Tiresias rightly accuse Oedipus of being foolishly blind and naive in his lines,
"You, even though you see clearly, do not see the scope of your evil" (433-434).

Hence, since the gods are portrayed as
being omnipotent and all-knowing while
Oedipus is shown to be foolish, naive, and
blind, we can say that the gods are portrayed as having more wit than
mankind.

How should members of society respond to government-imposed vaccinations?

This is an interesting question, and one that has
different possible answers.  The REAL question is how each individual in a society WOULD
respond to a forced program of vaccinations.  It may be difficult to say SHOULD because
there may be no correct answer.

First, one would have to
decide the reason behind a mass vaccination.  Assuming this occurred in a free,
democratic country, one could assume that the order would be given in the face of severe
danger to the public health.  If conditions were that dangerous, most people would
probably be very WILLING to get vaccinations without being ordered
to.

Secondly, one would have to decide on his personal
feelings regarding government intrusion.  For example, certain diseases can be "wiped
out" if everyone is immune to them, but if a sub-population refuses to be vaccinated the
disease can linger and re-emerge.  Which is more important?  Public safety or personal
rights?

There is already a program of "semi-mandatory"
vaccinations that are required for children to attend school.  Though I suppose you
could avoid this by not sending your child to school, or by claiming a religious
exemption, it pretty much forces most people to comply.  How should people respond to
this?  Look at how the HAVE.  A little grumbling, maybe, but general acceptance because
most people feel that the benefit of the vaccinations outweighs any
risk.

In general, one might say that the public's reaction
to a program of forced vaccinations should be determined by the severity of the
situation.

Scene 6 Identify one example of dramatic irony important to the development of the drama in this scene.The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams

One of the more significant examples of dramatic irony--a
contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to
be true--is Amanda's remark to Tom in their final
dialogue:

"Go,
then!  Then go to the moon--you selfish
dreamer!"

Of
course, the irony here is that in many respects, Amanda is both selfish and a dreamer
herself.  For all her concern about Laura and Tom, at the heart of this concern is
Amanda's desire to secure her future.  If, for instance, Laura marries a gentleman
caller, then Amanda can be taken care of in her old age.  Likewise, if Tom continues to
support the family and not abandon them as his father has, Amanda will also be safe. She
is not concerned about Tom's artistic desires; she simply wants him to serve his sister
and her. 

That she is a dreamer is clearly evinced in Scene
6 when Amanda attends Laura's dressing as thoug it her wedding dress that she
ceremoniously alters for her daughter.  The significance that she places upon this visit
from one of Tom's friends is also unrealistic.  For example, she interrogates Tom about
Jim O'Connor, wanting to know his name, what he looks like, what his salary is, if he
drinks, if he has character, etc.  Then, when Jim arrives, Amanda greets him in the
voice of a Southern belle, sweeping Jim away with her "gay laughter and
chatter." Besides, she is dressed as in her youth, shocking Tom at her appearance.  And,
yet she tells Laura in at one point in the
scene, 

"Fantastic whim and behavior. Preposterous
goings on!"

What are the main themes of the poem "The Song of Wandering Aengus." It is from the works of W.B. Yeats.

There are a number of themes apparent in this haunting,
romantic poem. First, there is a sense that nature possesses mystical and healing
powers, and that being in nature can cause true believers to have visions. Yeats wrote
often of fairies, a pervasive presence in Irish mythology. He also seemed to think of
some of the human women in his life as having fairy-like
qualities.

The "glimmering girl with apple blossom in her
hair" is a fairy being, beautiful and desirable, but unobtainable, just as Maud Gonn
was, Yeats' unrequited love. The protagonist of the poem wishes to return to the same
location, the hazel wood (hazel trees possess magical powers in Irish folklore), to see
the girl again. There is a theme of timelessness to his longing, and his hope. The fairy
is a being who will always be in this place, and the speaker is confident that when he
is "old with wandering" he will see her again.

In this way,
the fairy is also a metaphor for the peace and completion of death. The realm of the
fairies was comparable to the underworld, of the realm of the dead, and in some
locations humans, under certain conditions, could enter the world of the dead and return
to the world of the living. The "silver apples of the moon and golden apples of the sun"
also reflect themes of timelessness and immortality, a vision of the afterlife in which
the beauty of nature is a soothing presence.

Explain magical realism in literature, relating the genre to Jean Giono's writing.

Magical realism was created in the 1930s as a change from
the surreal movement in literature. This surreal period of fiction told the stories as
fantasies with no true relation to reality.

In magical
realism, there is a "transformation of the common and everyday" into the same world but
with miracles, timelessness, and unreal
reality.

Definition of Magical
Realism

The writer confronts the problems of
the story which are found in reality but based in fantasy.  The mysterious events are
based in the real world and evolve around man and his circumstances.  The plot of the
story circulates around a miracle or oddity; but whatever the problem is has no
psychological or logical explanation.  The story will contain fantastical elements, but
they are found in the landscape of
reality.

Example of Magical
Realism

An excellent example of magical
realism is “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings” by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.  An old,
dirty man with huge wings is found in the back yard of a poor couple.  He is barely
alive.  The doctor examines the man and discovers that the wings are real.  The couple
place the old man in a chicken coop where they profit by allowing people who pay to see
and touch the angel.  The magical realism expresses the real life situation but with the
miracle of the angel. The point of the story is the ill treatment of something so
valuable as an angel.

In this type of story, the writer
faces the mysterious act or miracle and tries to understand it and its purpose in the
real world. He must be careful not to take away the supernatural part of the story which
is the controlling element in the story. In these stories, the individual usually has a
close relationship with religion or the church. 

The
story’s characters will have an admiration for the magic.  Everything involved in the
miracle will have a deeper meaning.  Throughout the story, the mysterious being will
seem to threaten the tranquility or calmness of the life of the
characters. 

The reader will recognize the world as mundane
and its appearance is normal. Then, the characters emerge into a different world with a
different vision.  Nothing is really as it should be.  The fantasy world is alien to the
realistic world.  The metaphoric world aides the magic of the fantastical element as it
is found in the realistic landscape.

This type of story has
been used primarily by European and Latin American writers. Jean Giono, a French writer,
was one of the first to use the style.  He created characters that are rooted in the
folklore of rural France. In his story “That My Joy Remain,” a farming couple find that
their lives have become dull.  A stranger comes into their lives and helps them
understand how to revamp their lives.  The stranger tells
them:

Youth is
neither strength, nor a supple body, nor even youth as you conceive of it.  Rather,
youth is the passion for the impractical or the
useless.

With this
information the couple invites friends and neighbors into their lives.  Their happiness
becomes contagious and their lives become happy again. They plant fields of flowers, a
meadow of grain just for the birds, and they set their horses
free.

Giono’s beautiful story of magic and a passion for
the earth becomes to man “the laws of nature.”

How to use who or whom in sentences? How would I know when to use the word who or whom in the following? Also,is the who whom a subject,...

The selection of who or
whom, whoever or whomever is
dependent upon the case that is needed in the sentence or clause in which the relative
pronoun is used.

• The
  nominative case is used whenever the pronoun
  who is the subject of the sentence or clause, or the predicate
  nominative, a pronoun that follows a linking verb such as to
  be. Here are some examples:

Miss
Skiffins is the person who is in
charge of casting for the play.
[subject]

Whoever studies
ancient history knows about the polytheism of the Greeks and Romans.
[subject]

Miss Skiffins is who
I am. [predicate nominative]

• The objective case
  whom or whomever is used when
  the pronoun is a direct object, indirect object, or object of a
  preposition.

One of the wise men about
whom we wrote was Solon. [object of the preposition
about]

You may give
whomever you choose this treat. [indirect object (to) is understood
before whomever]

Such people as the polytheists had several
or even many gods whom they worshipped. [direct object -
they worshipped whom]

**Hint:  In order
to determine which case to use, find the verb that is the predicate of the clause in
which the relative pronoun acts and determine what is the subject.  If there is another
noun or pronoun in the clause, many times it is the subject (especially with active
verbs), so you need objective case for the relative
pronoun.

For instance, in your example Guess
(who/whom) I met this morning, say the verb met and
ask "who met?"  The answer is the pronoun I, so the
position of subject goes to I. Therefore, use
whom.  ( I met whom = the direct
object)

Likewise, in the next example,
whom is used for the same reason:   As an orator he is a
man (who, whom) no one can accuse of using a few words
where many will do.  No one is the subject of the clause,
so the only position open is direct object. (no one can accuse whom = direct
object)

In addition, the first two sentences use the
objective case whomever you can trust [direct
object] and whom you were thinking of [object of
preposition of ]  for the same reasons given
above.

However, the last example has no other noun or
pronoun that can act as the subject so who is the correct
choice:

Library privileges will be withheld from those
who have been found guilty of mutilating borrowed books.
(____have been found guilty -- a subject is needed)

So
often we are confused about these relative pronouns because people do not always say the
appropriate one and we learn through listening the ungrammatical use.  So,
since converstional English is more lenient in its rules, we must go through the little
"test" of finding the subject of the verb in the relative clause in order to choose the
appropriate relative pronoun.

What is the purpose of tone?Question is multiple choice A)To express the author's attitude toward the reader or a subject B)To quicken the pace of...

Tone is so important to a piece of writing that if the
reader does not recognize it correctly, the meaning of the work is either mitigated or
lost.  For instance, imagine--as has happened in some high school classrooms--that a
reader were to take Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal" literally and not recognize the
biting satire that is prevalent throughout his work? 

Or,
imagine that a reader miss the ironic tone in so many works?  One example is Saki's
short story "The Open Window" in which a young girl toys with a nervous visitor and, at
the end, when she covers her act by telling her aunt another story, the narrator remarks
that "Romance at short notice was her specialty."

There is
no question that understanding the tone of a literary work is essential, for this tone
conveys the authors' attitudes, and, thus, their purpose for writing the work.
(a)

What youthful and innocent qualities does Indiana Jones possess in Raiders of the Lost Ark?I can't seem to prove Indy Jones as a Romantic Hero...

There is very little in way of cruelty in the character of
Indiana Jones.  His pursuit of archaeological finds is fueled by a zealous love of the
discipline.  He is not doing it for power or for personal wealth like his adversary,
Rene Belloq.  I think that this might be one of the first areas of youthful and innocent
qualities that can be explored.  Jones and Belloq are two preeminent scholars in their
field.  They are both unrivaled, but Jones approaches the pursuit of archaeology with a
purer heart, treating it as an end of itself.  This can be contrasted with Belloq, who
treats it as a means to an end.  The ending would prove this as the opening of the Ark
is disastrous to Belloq, but something whose force spares Indiana Jones.  The fact that
the political backdrop is involved in this configuration is equally important. 
Consistent with the Cold War vision of America as being pure of heart and pure of
intent, Indiana Jones represents the freedom and innocent heart of America while Belloq
works for the Nazis, which can be seen as the antithesis of innocence and youthful
purity.  Another dimension that can be probed would be how Indiana Jones is able to
utilize his guile, strength, and sense of mental dexterity to get out of trouble.  In
this respect, he is very much youthful.  While he is extremely brave, his fear of snakes
humanizes him, making him youthful in his approach.  His fighting style is not
superhuman, but almost Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn.  For example, he is overmatched with
the large Nazi thug and rather than fight him, he pretends to cower in fear (or cover
his face from the impending disaster) as the Nazi plane propellers, miscalibrated by
Marion, hacks up the thug in a gruesome manner.  In assessing the manner in which Jones
gets in and out of troubling situations, there can be a undercurrent of the Romantic
hero present.

In "The Rocking-Horse Winner," how can the family's economic condition be described?

We are actually given a very clear description of the
family's economic condition towards the beginning of the story. It seems to be clear
that the family is not actually badly off, but through the bad management of their money
and the need that they have to keep up appearances through consumption of wealth means
that they are always in want. Note what the text tells
us:

Although
they lived in style, they felt always an anxiety in the house. There was never enough
money. The mother had a small income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly
enough for the social position which they had to keep up... There was always the
grinding sense of the shortage of money, though the style was always kept
up.

Apparently, Lawrence
based this story on a friend (though whether she remained a friend after reading this
story is not known) called Lady Cynthia Asquith, who married somebody who did not have
enough money and always felt herself to be short of wealth. The suggestion is, however,
that if they had not felt it so important to keep up their "social position," they would
have had enough to live very comfortably.

By the end of the 17th century, which European nations were in better shape, and which were weaker, than they were at the beginning of the 1500's?

Your use of the term "17th Century" means the 1600's,  so
your question spans the years from 1500 to 1699.   By 1699 the English, French, and the
Dutch were quickly gaining on the Spanish and Portugeuse in wealth and in world
dominance.   Since Spain and Portugal were still quite powerful nations in 1699,  its
really hard to pin down exactly which countries were dominate.   By the late 1700's
however;  with the British in firm control of much of India,  the Americas (minus the US
of course),  the Caribbean,  and other parts of Asia,  I would conclusively say they
were the most powerful nation at that time.  Spain was on the way out,  with most of
their new world colonies soon to gain Independence.   But in 1699,  world dominance was
very much up for grabs.   But Spain and Portugal were clearly losing influence world
wide mainly to the British, French, and the Dutch.  

What are some possible explanations for the rise of the novel as a new literary form?

The rise of the novel as a literary form, at least in
England, is often associated with the following
phenomena:

• The rise of the economic and social
  power of the middle class and the slow loss of such power by the aristocracy. Novels
  increasingly came to depict, in realistic terms, the behavior of people who were neither
  fabulously wealthy and immensely powerful nor exceptionally poor and powerless.
  


• As more and more middle-class people became literate and
  had money to spend on works of fiction, more and more novels were written to satisfy
  their tastes for reading about people who often resembled
  themselves.


• The rise of increasingly large cities meant
  that social interactions with large numbers of other people were increasingly common.
  The novel helped explore the place of individuals in a complex social
  world.


• The rise of individualism, in which people
  increasingly had to make choices for themselves rather than having their lifestyles
  dictated to them by longstanding traditions, meant that more and more people were
  interested in reading about individuals and the choices those persons had to
  make.


• The rise of individualism also helped encourage an
  interest in the complexities of individual personalities and characters. To the extent
  that the novel has a strong psychological dimension, it was responding in part to the
  increasing emphasis on the idea that each human being is unique and has a mind of his or
  her own.

Many of the traits just described are
visible in the opening paragraph of Daniel Defoe’s book Robinson
Crusoe, often considered one of the first novels in
English;

I
was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that
country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull.  He got a
good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from
whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named Robinson, a very good family
in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but, by the usual
corruption of words in England, we are now called—nay we call ourselves and write our
name—Crusoe; and so my companions always called
me.

How do I write a reflective summary about a group discussion?Discussion will be based on current healthcare issues.

First, I imagine you will not be required to write this
summary until you actually have the "group discussion" (either in class or outside of
class).  To prepare for your reflective summary, I suggest you take notes as your group
talks.  It will help to have a list of the questions or issues that you are supposed to
discuss, which I imagine your teacher will provide in advance.  Under each question,
write 2-3 conclusive points your group discusses.  You can also jot down any questions
that come up which remain unanswered.

Then, when it is time
write the reflexive summary, the first thing you will do is review your notes.  A
"summary" is typically less formal in structure than a full "essay" so it is acceptable
to write write a short paragraph on each point discussed.  If you feel many answers are
repetitive (even though they are about different topics in the discussion) it is
perfectly logical to group similar answers
together.

Reflective summary suggests
that you also add some personal reflection into what was discussed.  This means that
your summary can include your own opinions.  Include ideas that you highly agreed with,
and why.  Also, feel free to include ideas that you disagreed with, and why.  To
conclude the entire summary, you might want to wrap up with an overall idea of the most
important thing you learned or took away from the discussion.

In chap. 9, where does Squealer say Boxer will be sent? Where is he actually sent? How does Boxer spend his last hours, according to Squealer?

Squealer says that Boxer is going to be sent to the
hospital and that Napoleon is sacrificing great amounts of money to ensure that Boxer
gets the best care and medicines.

Boxer is actually sent to
the knacker. The knacker is a horse slaughterer who will use Boxer's parts for glue.
Thus we can believe that Napoleon was to make good money off of
this.

Squealer professes that Boxer's last hours are spent
saying that Napoleon is always right, and that we must keep working hard, and he
whispered in Squealer's ear that Animal Farm must live on. It was very inspirational
according to Squealer.

What might have happened if Willy had told Linda about his affair in Death of a Salesman?

This is one of those interesting "what if" questions that
we have to infer our response from the text that we have. Clearly we have no way of
knowing how Linda would have responded, but from what we know about her character as
displayed in this play, we can perhaps say that she would have been hurt, but would have
quietly suffered, staying with Willy and remaining constant in her affections for him.
Note the way that Linda is so caring, patient and loving to Willy in Act One and
throughout the play. She waits on him, encourages him, gently makes suggestions about
what he should do in terms of work and his relations with his sons and is above all
constant in her sacrificial love for him, even when she must know that he has hardly
been a success in life. Note how she responds to his angry demand that she opens a
window with "infinite patience," saying that "They're all open, dear." Note what Willy
himself says about Linda to her:

readability="6">

You're my foundation and my support,
Linda.

Clearly he recognises
how loyal she is to him, which of course makes his own betrayal even worse. All of this
evidence suggests that Linda would be loyal and remain silent about the pain that
Willy's betrayal would have caused her.

In "The Mark of the Beast" by Rudyard Kipling, what does the story reveal about the British presence in India?i need the answer really fast......

You probably cannot find this because it is not
specifically stated in the story -- you are supposed to infer it from what happens in
the story.

To me, what Kipling is trying to show is that
the British presence in India is often arrogant and ignorant.  He shows this through the
actions of Fleete.  Fleete is arrogant enough to desecrate the image of the god with no
regard for what the Indians might think of his action.

We
see the ignorance of the British the fact that none of them seem to understand, at
first, what is going on.

Pick out at least five key phrases in Kate Chopin's "Story of an Hour."

These are some phrases that advance the central theme of
the story, that of the oppressive position women were forced to accept in
nineteenth-century marriages.

readability="8">

"She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose
lines bespoke
repression..."

The author
does not spend a lot of time describing Mrs. Mallard's physical appearance. It is
significant that "repression" is one of the few words she chooses to describe
her.

"She was
beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was
striving to beat it back with her
will..."

The realization of
her situation and her longing for freedom are taboo during her time, and Mrs. Mallard
does her utmost to prevent herself from acknowledging these inclinations in herself,
knowing they can lead only to destruction.

readability="5">

"She would live for herself. There would be no
powerful will bending
hers..."

Women are subjugated
by the will of their husbands. What they want is not important; it is what the man wants
that takes precedence during these times. With the removal of her husband, Mrs. Mallard
will be able to experience a freedom which has long been denied
her.

"What
could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion
which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her
being!"

Self-realization is
more important even than love by Mrs. Mallard; it is
all-consuming.

readability="6">

"She breathed a quick prayer that life might be
long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be
long."

Mrs. Mallard's married
life was so odious to her that she did not feel it was worth living. This was true even
though her husband was a kind man; the impulse towards self-realization inside herself
was that strong.

readability="5">

"...she had died of heart disease - of joy that
kills."

This statement has
multiple meanings. "Heart disease" refers to Mrs. Mallard's physical ailment as well as
to her longing. The "joy that kills" is the sense of identity and freedom she craves; in
the society and times she lives in, it is a forbidden thing that can only result
in ruin.

What is the best grouping of chapters in To Kill a Mockingbird for a novel unit no longer than that 2 1/2 weeks?I am attempting to organize a...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a
Mockingbird, the grouping of chapters would probably look like
this:

Chapters 1-7 deal with family, school and Dill: this
includes Boo Radley escapades.

Chapters 8-12 take the
reader into Part II of the novel. This section includes Miss Maudie's fire, the first
snow Scout sees, Christmas with Francis and Uncle Jack, and Tim Johnson. Also included
is Jem's time with Mrs. Dubose and the kids going to Calpurnia's church. There is a
great deal in this section: it is almost like a string of short
stories.

Chapter 13 starts with the arrival of Aunt
Alexandra who will stay at the Finch home for an extended period of time. There is
family strife over this; Dill runs away to Maycomb, a mob shows up at the jail where Tom
Robinson is staying and Atticus is keeping watch; and the court case begins. The reader
gets clear insight into the Ewell family, especially Bob and Mayella. The court case
comes to a close at the end of Chap. 21.

The last section
starts with Chap. 22 and goes on until the novel is over. This includes Jem trying to
deal with the court's decision, with the fate of Tom Robinson, Aunt Alexandra and Scout
becoming united in purpose, and the fall pageant taking place. It is during the closing
section of the book that Scout and Jem fight for their lives, and Boo Radley finally
comes out of the house.

If you are looking to compress
portions, I would do so with the family history at the start, but perhaps make sure to
talk about Maycomb—still reeling from the effects of the Civil War and now the
Depression. I would highlight only the major points of the court case. The children
attending Calpernia's church could be summarized, as well a good deal of Aunt
Alexandra's ideas on how the Finch family works, and the children's knowledge of their
heritage.

The rest of the story is extremely rich; the
novel's setting may turn some students off—it's as if they are watching a black and
white movie. When I sell it, though, I try to stress that it is a story with excitement,
mystery, attempted murder, and an unlikely hero.

Hope this
helps.

Please give some criticism about "The Garden of Love" by William Blake.

This excellent poem that makes up part of the
Songs of Experience of Blake's most famous work represents some of
Blake's harshest critcism of the church and the impact it has. Note how in what used to
be a garden, a chapel has been built. This building has managed to transform the garden,
which was a place of freedom, into a graveyard.

Some
critics argue that the image of the "green" in the garden represents the playing space
of childhood, which eventually comes under the dominion of law and order. This
represents, it is argued, the way in which the liberty of the state of childhood becomes
the restricted and trapped state of being an adult. Blake therefore could be said to be
arguing for a world in which that sense of freedom continues into adulthood, rather than
"binding" the "joys and desires" of adults.

However, other
critics focus on line two and argue that this leads to a crucial ambiguity in how we
read the poem:

readability="13">

I went to the Garden of
Love,

And saw what I never had
seen:

A chapel was built in the
midst,

Where I used to play on the
green.

Therefore we could
argue that this indicates not that the chapel has been recently built, but it was there
all along and has only just now been noticed by the speaker. We can either argue that
this represents the way that rules and regulations and restrictions gradually emerge as
we mature into adults, or we can say that the sudden appearance of the chapel indicates
something about the speaker and his sudden insight into the way that religion and other
regulations of society actually restrict and take away our freedom and innocence. Either
way, it is obvious that adulthood, or the state of "experience" is presented in negative
terms, as flowers are replaced with tombstones and the place of play and freedom now has
"Thou shalt not" written on the chapel door.

The sum of the first and third of three consecutive odd integers is 131 less than three times the second integer. Find the three integers

Let the first even integer be
n.

Then the second even integer be
n+2

The third even integer is x+
4

Given that the sum of the first and the third is 131 less
than 3 times the second.

==> n + (n+4) = 3(n+2) -
131

Now we will combine
terms.

==> 2n + 4 = 3n + 6
-131

==> 4 - 6 + 131 =
n

==> n= 129

==>
n+2 = 131

==> n+4 =
133

Then the integers are 129, 131, and
133

How do you divide the following in polar form? (2-2i)/(-1-i)Please express the answer in Pi Multiple form and show each part of the problem in...

To divide the given complex numbers using the complex form
of complex numbers we have to first convert each of the complex numbers into the complex
form. Any complex number of the form z = x + i*y can be written as |z|<A>,
where the absolute value |z| = sqrt ( x^2 + y^2) and the argument A = arc tan (
y/x)

2 - 2i = (sqrt(2^2 + 2^2)) <arc tan
(-2/2)>

=> 2*sqrt 2 <-
pi/4>

-1 - i =  (sqrt(1^2 + 1^2)) <arc tan
(-1/ - 1)>

=> sqrt 2
<-3*pi/4>

The result when the two complex
numbers are divided is given by dividing the absolute value and finding the difference
of the arguments.

=> (2*sqrt 2/ sqrt 2)
<-pi/4 + 3*pi/4>

=> 2 < pi/2
>

The result of dividing the complex
numbers is 2 <pi/2>

Prove the inequality ln(x-2)>=2(x-3)/(x-1), x>=3.

We'll create the helping function f(x) = ln(x-2) -
2(x-3)/(x-1), that is differentiable over the domain of the
function.

We'll differentiate and we'll
get:

f'(x) = 1/(x-2) -
4/(x-1)^2

f'(x) = [(x-1)^2 - 4x +
8]/(x-2)*(x-1)^2

f'(x) = (x^2 - 2x + 1 - 4x -
8)/(x-2)*(x-1)^2

f'(x) =
(x-3)^2/(x-2)*(x-1)^2

We notice that for any value of x,
the derivative will be positive, since it's numerator and denominator are always
positive.

We also notice that f'(3) =
0

Then the function is increasing over [3 ;
+infinite).

For x>=3 => f(x)>=f(3) =
0

If f(x) > 0 => ln(x-2) -
2(x-3)/(x-1)>0

The inequality is true
for any value of x>=3: ln(x-2)
>=2(x-3)/(x-1).

What are Snowball's and Boxer's attitudes towards war in Animal Farm?

Though Snowball and Boxer were the two most heroic animal
warriors during the Battle of the Cowshed, their motives were quite different. Snowball
seemed to enjoy the fight, leading two of the attacks himself and taking pleasure in
knocking Mr. Jones into a pile of dung. Snowball, who was wounded by a shot fired by
Jones, was awarded the military decoration of "Animal Hero, First Class" by his
comrades. Boxer nearly killed one of the humans, cracking him on his skull with his
iron-clad hoofs. The two felt opposing degrees of emotions, however. While Snowball
declared that "The only good human being is a dead one," Boxer was visibly upset by the
young man that lay lifeless on the ground.

readability="9">

"I have no wish to take life, not even human
life," repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of
tears.

It was later
discovered that Boxer was not a killer after all, since the stable-lad he had laid out
was only stunned, and he soon "made off" while the animals were looking for the missing
Mollie.

When were Japanese-Americans freed from the internment camps?

The Japanese Americans who were interned in WWII were not
all released at the same time.  There were various stages along the
way.

Early on, for example, internees could be released if
they could show they had a job waiting for them and if someone on the outside would
vouch for their loyalty.  Around 15,000 internees were released in this way in 1943. 
This number increased as the war went on.

There were also
those who were released to go fight in the war.  In 1943, Japanese born in the US were
made eligible to join the Army and go to Europe.  Many chose to do
this.

The camps themselves were ordered to be closed in
1945.  By the end of 1945, essentially all of the Japanese Americans who had been
interned had been released.

How would you describe the theme of self-pity in A Streetcar Named Desire?

The theme of self- pity is seen in the strongest manner
with Blanche.  I think that Blanche engages in self- pity as a way to deal with reality
as well as what consciousness has placed in her path.  Her self- pity sometimes takes
the form of how no one understands her or as a reflection of the many challenging
elements she has had to endure.  At the same time, her self- pity is a way to reflect
how different she is from the social order in which she finds herself.  The days of her
past are literally past, and in their place is a social configuration that she cannot
embrace nor understand.  Self- pity is the way in which she addresses such a condition. 
Her display of self- pity becomes part of her character, making it difficult at times to
fully accept or understand her.  However, it is this self pity that helps to define her
character in the play.  To a certain extent, this self- pity creates a barrier between
she and others in the play, making it easier for these individuals to demonize her and
reject her as the "other."

Why does Antony say "The evil that men do lives after them;" ? Or in other words exactly what does this statement mean?

Marc Antony employs many statements with hidden meanings
in his famous funeral oration of Act III, Scene 2, and "The evil that men do lives after
them" is certainly one of them. This statement implies that history records the wrongs
of people in more inflammatory words that are long remembered, while often their good
deeds are either mitigated in the shadow of the more interesting evils or even
forgotten.

Those who hated Caesar were eager to speak of
his evil, Marc Antony hints in his statement; this act of suggestion is his subtle way
of beginning to cast aspersions upon the conspirators. Soon afterward, Antony alludes to
the accusations of Brutus and the others, but he again is subtle as he
adds, 

       
                   The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was
ambitious.
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously
hath Caesar answer [for]it.
 (3.2.79-80)

Thus, Brutus
begins to sow the seeds of doubt into the minds of the plebeians who listen, so that
when he reaches the end of his speech, the crowd will be eager for
rebellion.

How did Lower class American society behave in the 1920's?

Your question is rather broad, so I'd like to focus on
just one aspect of the way that poorer Americans acted in 1920 that is very
interesting.  As the conditions deterioriated throughout the decade, gathering momentum
at the end, with the loss of farmland to drought, the loss of good jobs to a faltering
economy, the continuous concentration of capital into the hands of fewer and fewer
people through the de-regulation of wall street, Americans tended to blame
themselves.

The ethic of being able to pick yourself up by
your own bootstraps had been so effectively inculcated into American society that so
many people who found themselves without a job, without land to farm, without a home,
they blamed this entirely on themselves.  There was no real welfare system so they had
nowhere to turn to and they tried to avoid bread lines and other things as long as
possible given the stigma that was attached to either of those
mechanisms.

I am searching for historical facts regarding John Milton, including his birth, childhood, literary achievements, married life, and his death.

John Milton is regarded as one of the greatest writers of
all time. I will be happy to provide you with some details regarding his life. More
information is available at the at the reference links
below.

Milton was born in London in 1608, into a staunchly
Roman Catholic family. He was tutored when young, then was enrolled in school.
Ultimately he earned both a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. Though trained to
enter the clergy, Milton chose not to because of ideological differences with the
Anglican Church, and his desire to become a poet. It was as a poet that Milton's
literary genius came to light.

readability="7">

Milton is regarded as the greatest English epic
poet and as second only to the greatest dramatic poet, William
Shakespeare.

Milton was of
average height and appearance, was considered a lady's man in his youth and was known
for his "scathing wit." Milton was educated with excellent results (as seen in his
work), but he was also an avid reader. He read by candlelight late into the night as a
youngster, and continued to do so throughout his life; reading for himself ended when he
lost his eyesight in 1652 and had to depend on others to be his
eyes.

Milton was married to Mary Powell and had three
daughters; he lost his son a month after his wife died. He married again, but lost his
wife to complications of childbirth, and soon their child died as well. Milton's third
wife was very supportive of his work for the next twelve
years.

Milton was undaunted in criticizing government or
religion, or in championing the rights of personal freedom. He made many enemies in this
fashion. When Charles II was restored to the throne (called the Restoration), Milton's
hopes for the success of the Puritan Commonwealth were
dashed.

[It]
brought threats against the life of this most vocal Republican, advocate of divorce, and
defender of regicide.

Respect
for Milton by other intellectuals in Europe saved him when his enemies might have sought
to kill him.

Milton's epic poem, Paradise
Lost, is perhaps the piece for which Milton is most famous. It was religious
in nature. It is based upon the biblical account in Genesis of man's creation and his
eventual fall in the Garden of Eden. In 1667 the first edition of Paradise
Lost's ten books was published. The piece is still greatly admired, and has
influenced many gifted and creative writers, from John Dryden and Mary Shelley, to C.S.
Lewis and even Gene Roddenberry.

Milton died in November of
1674 and was buried in London.

How did Han China (206 B.C.E.--202 C.E.) react to the introduction of Buddhism?

The Buddhist faith did indeed enter China during the Han
Dynasty.  Scholars are not completely sure when it first got to China, but it is
believed to have been some time in the first century of the Common
Era.

The Han Dynasty had no problems with Buddhism.  It did
not try to resist Buddhism at all and the faith spread fairly rapidly in China. 
Scholars believe that Buddhism took hold more strongly and quickly among the elites of
the northern parts of China and then spread to the South and to other parts of
society.

The Chinese are said to have adopted Buddhism
quite easily because the Buddhist faith was compatible with (and willing to adapt to)
indigenous Chinese religions.  Buddhism typically became somewhat synthesized with both
Taoism and Confucianism and thereby managed to make its way quite easily into Chinese
culture.

How did the Civil Rights Movement develop in the Kennedy years?

During the time that John F. Kennedy was in office, the
Civil Rights Movement grew in strength.  It did so mainly on its own and not really
because of anything that Kennedy or his administration
did.

During most of his presidency, Kennedy needed
political support from Southern Democrats.  For this reason, he was reluctant to come
out strongly in support of civil rights.  With Kennedy relatively quiet on the issue,
activists were the ones who had to drive the movement forward.  It was during these
years that the nation saw the Freedom Riders and the marches for voting rights in the
South.  It was during Kennedy's time that Martin Luther King led the March on
Washington.  In other words, the Civil Rights Movement grew a great deal during that
time.

The Civil Rights Movement became much more powerful
during Kennedy's time in office but most of that growth was fueled by the activists
themselves, not by Kennedy's policies.

About Henry Ford, the inventer of the car.1.What inspired him to start his car invention? 2.Is his car invention environmental friendly? 3.Did...

1.  His early career as an engineer working with steam
engines gave him a great deal of expertise working with engines and a passion for racing
and automobiles (still very exotic at the time) led him to his interest in building a
car.

2.  There are a variety of ways to answer the question
of whether they are friendly.  Some would argue that it was environmentally friendly as
it solved the problem of horse manure in city streets.  But most would likely argue that
it isn't as its primary mode of power comes from burning fossil fuels (though there was
a switch on early models to allow them to be powered by alcohol that some could argue
should never have been discontinued) so the emissions and carbon dioxide released make
the fundamentally not evironmentally friendly.

3.  Again
many would argue that his invention flourished and succeeeded.  Look around you.  A
possible argument against this would be the relatively slow pace of innovation and
improvement since he brought about a rather substantial change in the car market. 
Average mileage has only increased by around three to four miles per gallon since the
1930s...  Of course horsepower, reliability, other things have increased.  But so have
the costs of cars.  So you could go either way on this
one.

4.  He knew that people would enjoy the perceived
freedom of being able to get places more quickly and more comfortably than on horseback
or on foot, and he also knew that particularly at the time the idea of owning an
automobile was still exotic enough that the low price cars he offered would be
absolutely devoured by the public and he was correct.

Please define the concept of "liquidity" in terms of business.

Liquidity refers to the ability of a business (or person)
to quickly convert assets and holdings into cash. Liquidity refers to the ease with
which such transactions can be completed without a loss in the value of the
asset.

If a business does not have assets that are liquid,
if unexpected expenses arise, the company may suffer from its inability to meet these
expenses because fixed assets cannot easily be turned into
cash.

href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquidity.asp">Liquid assets may
be blue chip stocks, which hold a strong value over time and regularly have a high trade
volume, and are very often href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/moneymarket.asp">money market
instruments, such as U.S Treasury bills or certificates of deposit (CDs). The idea is
that when an asset is sold, it must maintain its value. Investopedia defines liquidity
as:

The degree
to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the [financial] market without
affecting the asset's price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of [instrument]
trading activity. Assets that can by easily bought or sold, are known as liquid
assets.

Investopedia also
explains that liquidity is the "marketability" of a liquid asset that can quickly be
converted to cash.

Is "The Lady of Shalott" an example of fiction or non-fiction?

Let us just remind ourselves for one minute of the
definition of these two terms. Non-fiction is a term relating to literature that is
based on real life or real characters that is true and not made up. Fiction, by
contrast, features characters and situations that may be based in a real world but which
are pure figments of the author's imagination. Though there may be a basis in reality,
the author feels free to develop and add details as he or she
likes.

When we consider this excellent poem therefore, it
is clear that this is an example of fiction. The setting of the poem in Arthurian
England is based on myths and legends without any historical accuracy. It is not an
account of medieval times in England, it is a made up story featuring made up
characters. In spite of this though, it is important to realise how beautiful and
powerful this poem is. Just because it is not "true" does not mean it is of incredible
literary quality and has something to say to us now.

How does Salman Rushdie challenge our assumption that history is impartial and neutral in his novel Midnight's Children?

Rushdie is able to challenge the supposed impartiality of
history by displaying it as a collection of narratives rooted in power- based
constructs.  One of the most powerful elements in Rushdie's work is the idea that his
display of history is subjective based.  Saleem's narration is not entirely reliable,
making significant errors at critical points.  It is also not entirely coherent, often
times lacking a central focus point in its end.  This episodic and occasionally
unreliable narration brings to light how Rushdie believes history is constructed. 
Totality and perfection are not elements that are within human reach.  Rather, Rushdie
seems to be arguing that historical subjectivity cannot be overcome.  History is always
written and composed by those in the position of power.  In the battle between Shiva and
Saleem, historical narrative falls under the force that has control, contributing to its
impartial nature.  This becomes why Saleem's narrative becomes so important, as it
represents a voice of resistance and individuality, as opposed to totality and
impartiality.

In Act V, scene iii, was it Edmund or Edgar who said, "Yet Edmund was belov'd"? Thanks!I think that I have a misprint on a question from my...

It is easy to get Edgar and Edmund confused because of the
similarity of their names. The answer by michellesherman is of course correct. It was
Edmund who was loved by the two sisters. The fact that both Regan and Goneril were
evidently so madly in love with him suggests that Edmund would have been played by a
handsome and graceful actor. Edmund's motivation to become such a cunning villain is at
least partially attributable to the fact that he knows he is exceptionally good-looking
and gifted in so many ways. He feels he should be a nobleman with a
title and property, that fate played a dirty trick on him by creating him with so many
superior qualities without giving him any rank or money; and he must secretly hate his
own father for conceiving him but not giving him the means for advancement in society.
Gloucester jokingly calls him a "bastard" and a "whoreson" when he introduces him to
Kent in the first act of the play. Gloucester might think it funny, and he might be
proud of the fact that he was able to sire such a "proper" son (as Kent calls him); but
Edmund doesn't think it is a bit funny, and he accumulates a lot of secret resentment
and anger which he vents on his own brother and father. Edmund is like Heathcliff in
Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. He appeals to some women partly
because of his smoldering emotions and his bold, reckless character. Edmund is quite a
different villain than Richard, the duke of Gloucester in Shakespeare's
Richard III, who says of himself that he has decided to become a
first-class villain because he is so ugly and deformed that dogs bark at him when he
halts by them. Shakespeare was right on target it perceiving that people's characters
and behavior are shaped by their perceptions of themselves.

How are Hester, Dimmesdale, Pearl, and Chillingworth redeemed by the end of the novel ?The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

With Dimmesdale's confession in the third scaffold scene
of The Scarlet Letter, the spiritual triangle is completed for
Hester, Pearl, and the minister, while the devilish Roger Chillingworth, who attempts to
stop Dimmesdale, is defeated.  Rather than dying for others' sins as Christ did,
Dimmesdale dies for his; however, in so doing, like a Christ, he does ask God's
forgiveness for Chillingworth's sin ["forgive them Father....], and he allows Pearl to
become fully human as she kisses his lips, then weeps in true human
compassion. 

This kiss of Pearl is highly symbolic,
for hitherto Pearl has washed away Dimmesdale's kiss at the brook because the minister
"was not true," she now returns her father's kiss, symbolizing her acceptance and
forgiveness.  Moreover, this action of Pearl transforms her from a "sprite" and "imp"
into a human being who sheds tears for the first time in the narrative.  That she is no
longer a symbol of Hester's and Dimmesdale's sin is evinced in Hawthorne's narration, "A
spell was broken."

For her sin of adultery, Hester has
already been redeemed by her full admission of the sin (she embroiders a
brillant A and performs good deads). Still, Hester's sin of having
allowed Roger Chillingworth to "violate the sanctity of the human heart"  has, at last,
been revealed so that she, too, can "be true" as Hawthorne urges in his statement of
theme in the Conclusion.  And, so, she is finally truly
redeemed.

After the final scaffold scene,
Chillingworth

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...withered up, shrivelled away, and almost
vanished from mortal sight, like an uprooted weed that lies wilting in the
sun. 

If Chillingworth is
redeemed at all, it is in finding some humanity in himself by bequeathing his property,
both in England and in Massachusetts, to Pearl. Thus, his hatred is converted to love,
expelling his sin, just as sin is expelled in Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl as the
incarnation of her parents' sin.

How would presidential line item veto help resolve the issue of earmarks?

In the United States, at least, a line-item veto for the
president has been found unconstitutional.  This means that such a veto would not be
able to help resolve this issue without a constitutional amendment allowing it (or
without the Supreme Court reconsidering).

If it were legal,
a line-item veto would resolve the issue because it would allow the president to remove
specific earmarks that were not economically useful.  In Congress, such earmarks are
used to "buy" the votes of specific members of Congress.  Congressional budget writers
have a hard time refusing to give earmarks because they might need a favor some day from
the person requesting the earmark.  Therefore, they give out earmarks to create
political support for themselves.

In theory, the president
would not need to do this.  He (or someday she) would be able to veto unnecessary
earmarks because he would not need to work closely with particular members of Congress
in the future.  This would allow the president to cut the budget in ways that Congress
is unwilling to do.

"1984 is an unpretentious, readable work." I am opposing this view, I need to insert quotes and having trouble doing it.

Interestingly, I had a conversation with a student about
precisely this issue. Of course, overtly at least, this excellent dystopian novel is
written in very accessible and simple English. The level of vocabulary is not too
elevated and there is a sense in which Orwell is trying to communicate his story simply
and effectively.

However, and this is what my student
discovered, there are parts of this novel that are a lot more complicated and that are
written with a much higher level of sophistication and complexity. The main example of
this is the lengthy addition of the book within a book, when Winston Smith reads
The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel
Goldstein, which really discusses quite complex topics such as world politics, history,
policy and strategies for maintaining control. These chapters are very different from
the normal style of the novel, and are definitely more of a challenge to
read.

In spite of this, I would still argue that this is an
unpretentious work. There is a definite sense in which parts are more readable than
others, but apart from this, the novel does not come across as pretentious in my
opinion.

Please answer the following question based on Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby.At the end of this chapter, Nick leaves Gatsby standing, staring at...

You have identified an excellent part of this chapter to
comment on. Note how Nick's comments regarding Gatsby's actions in staying by Daisy's
house and watching over her, in case she needs him, are described in explicitly
religious terms by the use of the words "vigil" and "sacredness." Yet again, Gatbsy is
presented as a fervently devoted knight errant, determined to do whatever it takes to
gain his "holy grail" and marry Daisy. The dream of gaining Daisy is shown through this
diction to have assumed a monumental importance in his life. He is willing to sacrifice
everything to gain it and to go through any hardship to achieve it. Yet, inspite of this
impressive dedication, Nick sees through his actions and recognises that Gatsby is
actually "watching over nothing." Although Gatbsy still has such high hopes, Nick now
sees that his dreams are destined for destruction and have no chance of actually
becoming real. Thus Gatsby is presented with all of his capacity of hope in tact, even
when it is clear to us and to Nick that his hope is profoundly
misplaced.

What are some conflicts in To Kill a Mockingbird?Find conflicts within the book.

This book is laced with conflict. In To Kill a
Mockingbird, one of the most important conflicts that arise is the one of racial
prejudices swirling about the town and Atticus' fight to stop it. There is the problem
of Mayella and Tom for which Tom is being innocently tried for something he did not do
as well. 

How does Aristotle explore the relation of poetry and reader/audience through his definition of tragedy?

In his Poetics, Aristotle says that
tragedy is the greatest of literary art forms because its agents and devices are better
than us (the reader/audience).  Whereas comedy is more realistic, even below us in its
aims, tragedy leads man to question the moral choices and responsibilities of being a
human and, therefore, enters the religious and ethical
realms.

His definition of tragedy is as
follows:

readability="24">

Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that
is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind
of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in
the form of action, not of narrative; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith
to accomplish its katharsis of such emotions. . . . Every Tragedy,
therefore, must have six parts, which parts determine its quality—namely, Plot,
Characters, Diction, Thought, Spectacle,
Melody.

So, the embellished
language (the poetry) must be elevated, higher in purpose and more beautiful than
everyday speech.  Since early Greek tragedy was religious in nature, its language was a
form of praise.  It is much like a combination of a poetry, sermon, and hymn from a
church service.

The chorus is the ideal reader/audience in
Greek tragedy.  Through their melody (embellished language, poetry, choral odes), the
chorus not only informs the audience how to act or respond to the action of the play,
but they give unity to the plot.  Since they are always on stage, and since the audience
is always watching, they are an intermediary between the actors and
audience.

In the end, the embellished language by the
actors and chorus must move the reader/audience toward a katharsis,
a purgation of pity and fear.  The audience must pity the tragic heroes and fear that
the tragic heroes' fate may be their own.

What are the ideas (not themes) in The Chrysalids?Is there something about the devil?

I am not too sure I understand clearly your distinction
between ideas and themes, but if you wish to further clarify, please do so by getting
back to me. However, the overwhelming idea in this excellent novel is related to the
title and the idea of humanity being in a state of transition, like a caterpillar goes
into a chrysalis whilst it transforms into a butterfly. Clearly, the central idea that
is presented to us is that the human race is in a similar state of transition, with
David and his group of telepaths representing the new "butterfly" form that humanity
will evolve into and the Waknukians representing the old vestiges of humanity that will
soon become extinct. As the woman from Sealand says to the
children:

"The
living form defies evolution at its peril; if it does not adapt, it will be broken. The
idea of completed man is the supreme vanity: the finished image is a sacrilegious
myth."

Thus the idea that
this novel is based around is that we are not evolved completely as a human species, and
that in fact evolution is a constant that we are subject to just as much as other
animals in this world.

In chapter 4, why does Gatsby have Jordan ask Nick if he'll invite Daisy to his house, instead of asking Nick himself?

I think that he does it for a couple of
reasons.

First, I think he might be a bit embarrassed to do
it himself.  He might think it would be easier if Jordan did it so that he didn't have
to ask such a personal favor himself.  She says Gatsby was afraid Nick would be
offended.

Second, I think he wanted Jordan to tell Nick
about Gatsby's past with Daisy.  I think he figured Jordan could tell Nick about it and
make Nick a lot more likely to be willing to help him out.

When did Roman medicine start, the dates/period?(history of medicine)

Most medical knowledge of the Romans derived from Greek
medicine.  Doctors in ancient Rome were not nearly as highly regarded as the doctors in
Greece as the profession itself was considered a low social position and left primarily
to non-citizens.  Most famous doctors in Rome were Greek, including Galen (161 AD) who
was employed by a Roman legion, and was famous for his groundbreaking
surgery.

The Romans developed surgical instruments
manufactured from bronze, iron and silver, including scalpels, lancets, curettes and
tweezers.  The primary contribution of Rome to the practice of
medicine was in matters of public health.  Rome had a
modern and sanitary water supply. Public baths were provided, and there was even
domestic sanitation and adequate disposal of sewage.

Which of the following helped keep employment high in the auto industry in the 1950s?Answer Choices: A) The U.S. was the only developed country...

Of the possible answers you give here, the only correct
one is D.

During the 1950s, US automakers frequently
changed the style of cars.  They would come out with a new model of each car each year. 
There was no real reason for this other than to try to create a constant market for new
cars.  It was considered important by many Americans that they should have a style of
car that was not too far out of date.  This marketing strategy worked, and car sales
(and therefore employment) remained high.

Of course, the
rest of the economy needed to be strong for people to afford these cars and so there are
other reasons for why employment remained high.  However, of the answers you give, D is
the only correct answer.

Is it harmful to a country's economy if it runs a current account deficit?

The current account balance is determined by the sum of
following four components: the exports of goods and services, the imports of goods and
services, the net income abroad and the net current
transfers.

When a country has a current account deficit it
is essential to analyse the reasons behind the deficit. Only when this is done would it
be possible to say if the current account deficit is harmful or
not.

The current account can show a deficit when the
country is building up on its capacity to produce goods and services in the future. To
do this, if it does not have enough resources, it would have to import them from other
nations. The imports can be in the form of external investments, resources for boosting
its production capacity and the import of finished goods as the present capacity is not
being used to manufacture what it requires. This creates a current account deficit but
ensures that in the future the country would have the ability to convert it into a
surplus.

A deficit can also be created if large amounts of
funds are being invested in sources of income abroad and in the future the returns from
these would eliminate the deficit.

If a country has a
deficit but none of what has been mentioned above is being accomplished a current
account deficit is a matter of concern as it continually increases the debt on the
country. This may lead to a situation where the country can no longer afford to pay for
imports or pay the interest on the funds that it has borrowed.

How do the women of Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing teach the men to love?

The women of the play, meaning Hero and Beatrice, teach
the men to love by showing them their faults, faults that prohibit real love from
thriving.

Through Hero, Claudio learns that he is gullible and has
excessive pride. He also learns to feel remorseful about his wrongdoings. All of these
lessons are necessary in order for love to thrive. Claudio learns of his gullibility
when he learns from Borachio that he has allowed himself to be tricked by both Borachio
and Don John into believing that Hero is promiscuous. Due to his gullibility, at Don
John's suggestion, he mistakes Margaret in the window for Hero, as we see in his line,
"Yet sinned I not / But in mistaking" (V.i.263-264). He also realizes that it was his
excessive pride that led him to publicly slander and humiliate Hero, and in pure
humility, he begs Leonato to punish him in any way he sees fit and humbly agrees to
marry whom Leonato calls his niece.

We especially see the profound
remorse that Hero has taught Claudio to feel when he pays his respects to her tomb,
hanging an epitaph on her tomb that will "[p]raise her when [he] is dumb," meaning dead
(V.iii.10). He even begs the forgiveness of the goddess Diana, a goddess known for her
chastity, for killing one of her virgin followers, as we see in his lines, "Pardon,
goddess of the night, / Those that slew thy virgin knight" (12-13). In these lines,
virgin knight refers to Diana's virgin followers who are warriors that are called virgin
knights.

Similarly to Hero, Beatrice also teaches Benedick that he has
excessive pride, but she also teaches him to do away with his scornful nature. When we
first meet Benedick, he proclaims to hate all women. He is particularly disgusted at the
fact that Claudio claims he has fallen in love with Hero, whom Benedick thinks is too
short, small, and plain to be considered beautiful, as we see in his lines, "[M]ethinks
she's too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise, and too little for a great
praise" (I.i.147-149). We also learn in this scene just how much Benedick despises and
distrusts women, thinking that they are all coquettes and unfaithful, as we see in his
lines, "Because I will not do them the wrong to mistrust any, I will do myself the right
to trust none" (208-209). However, Beatrice changes all this when he overhears that
Beatrice is in love with him. Hearing Claudio, Don Pedro, and Leonato declare how
desperately in love Beatrice is and how much Benedick is likely to scorn her or ridicule
her, should she tell him, convinces Benedick to amend his ways. Benedick hears how much
his friends have "censured" him and decides that he "must not seem proud" (II.iii.205,
208). Hence, while all women are loathsome, suddenly, because he learns he is loved,
Beatrice becomes beautiful and wonderful in his eyes and he decides that her love for
him  "must be requited" (204). Thus, it can be said that Beatrice taught Benedick how to
love by teaching him how to relinquish his pride and his scornful
feelings.

"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his/her point of view... until you climb into their skin and walk around in...

This quote comes in Chapter Three after Scout's day at
school which, from her perspective, went so terribly. She begs Atticus to be taught at
home by him so she won't have to go back, and the quote you have highlighted is the
response that she is given by him. In a sense of course, the quote stands for a much
bigger theme in the novel which points towards the way that this novel is a
coming-of-age story. Through it we see how Scout and Jem are both forced to grow up
through the events and conflicts that they witness and are involved in, and how they
both learn to metaphorically "climb in the skin" of those around them and walk in their
shoes.

Of course, Atticus is definitely right. It is so
easy for us to judge and criticise others, but we need to remember that we do not always
know the full picture, and to a certain extent we can never fully understand the
different pressures and perspectives that others are facing and how these pressures
impact them. Atticus gives Scout an excellent piece of advice that cautions us to not be
too quick with our judgement until we have taken time to truly understand somebody else
and their situation that we may not be aware of.

How does Scout know the verdict before it is read? What is the broader implication of the jury's behavior in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Being the daughter of an attorney in To Kill a
Mockingbird, Scout had a little background about juries and how they react.
She describes the return of the jury for the Tom Robinson trial as having "a dreamlike
quality... moving like underwater swimmers." She saw

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     ... something only a lawyer's child could be
expected to see, could be expected to watch for...
     A jury never looks at
a defendant it has convicted. and when the jury came in, not one of them looked at Tom
Robinson. 

It was no surprise
to her, then, when Judge Taylor polled the jury and received the repeated answers of
"guilty." Jem must have been surprised, however, because he "jerked at each guilty" as
if he was being stabbed. Scout realized later that Tom had no chance in the first place;
the all-white, all-male jury had made up its mind even before the trial had started.
For,

... in the secret courts of men's hearts
Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the moment Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and
screamed.

In Scene 5 of The Glass Menagerie, how does Tom finally make Amanda happy?

It is in Scene Five that Tom finally announces to Amanda
that he has done what she asked him to do, and invited one of his work colleagues round
to his home. This, of course, sends Amanda into a flurry of excitement and anticipation
as she begins to interrogate Tom about Jim and who he is, his position, his salary and
his background. This in turn makes Tom annoyed at having even asked him in the first
place, and he shows great irony in some of his responses to Amanda. He does admit that
he did not mention Laura to Jim:

readability="8">

One little warning. He doesn't know about Laura.
I didn't let on that we had dark ulterior motives. I just said, why don't you come nad
have dinner with us? He said okay and that was the whole
conversation.

Notice his
sarcasm in "dark ulterior motives." Tom thus has complied with his mother's wishes, but
his concern for Laura shows that he perhaps did this grudgingly and without really
believing that this might be best for Laura.

When the U.S. subjugated the Indian nations, what was the impact of this western expansion on national unity?Explain your reasoning and support...

There are two major ideas/names to keep in mind when
thinking about this question.  They are manifest destiny and Frederick Jackson Turner. 
These two show how the subjugation of the Indians and the westward expansion that went
with it promoted national unity.

Manifest destiny is, of
course, the idea that the US was assigned by God to spread across the continent.  The US
deserved this because of its superior government, culture, and "blood."  Turner argued
that the frontier is what defined America.  The frontier gave Americans an identity as
tough, independent pioneers.

Between them, these things
increased national unity.  They created an identity that all Americans could share. 
America was a country singled out by God to fight against Indians and others on the
frontier as a way of improving the world.  This view of America's mission helped to
boost national unity.

At the end of All My Sons, Joe Keller commits suicide. Has justice been done? Is this an acceptable/satisfying ending?

The greater question is what is
justice?

Is Joe Keller a tragic hero? I don't think so
since he is not a man of great stature, not a king or leader or hero, so who is he?  Is
Joe a likable guy?  Yes, but he was man who makes a grave error.  He does not accept
responsibility for his actions but rather blames his partner.  Is this the action of an
honorable man?  I think not.  What Joe is is a human being.  When he is confronted with
the truth he justifies his actions.  Everybody who manufactured for the war effort did
similar things therefore in his mind he was not guilty and saw no reason why he should
have to go to prison.  It was terrible that 21 men died as a result of his decision but
it was wartime.

Kate states that if she were to admit the
truth of Larry's death, then Joe was to blame.  Ironically, he was since Larry could not
live with the shame of Joe's action and crashed his
plane.

Is the ending acceptable/satisfying?  It is the only
possible ending once the truth is out.  Joe stated earlier that he would kill himself
rather than go to prison. 

It seems to me that Miller was
influenced by Ibsen where we see recognisable human beings struggling with their
realities.  And as in Ibsen the ending is not neat or tidy.  What happens to Kate now
that she has been forced to face the truth?  What will happen with Chris and Ann since
they too have been forced to face the truth?  Life goes on and there are no easy
answers.

I have a language analysis about duck hunting and have two articles against and one for, but I don't know what to do.

So what precisely is it that you have to do? I wonder
whether you need to use the articles you are given to write a response about your own
beliefs on duck hunting, as this is normally what teachers would expect you to do if you
have been given articles for and against. I have included a link below about writing an
argumentative essay, but let me offer the following steps to help you in
this.

Firstly, you need to read the articles really well
and make sure you understand them. Then you need to identify the points that they make
in support of what they are arguing. Why do they think duck hunting is a good idea? Why
do they think it is not a good idea? Highlight each argument and note it down, linking
it to quotes that are used. Then, before writing, have a think about these arguments. Do
you agree with them? Which side of the issue is stronger do you think? Do you have any
arguments to add either for or against from your own point of
view?

After taking these steps you are ready to write your
essay. I would suggest a five paragraph essay format, with an introduction, then
arguments for duck hunting, then arguments against, your own belief with any additional
arguments you can think of, then a paragraph to round it off with a conclusion. Make
sure you include quotes where appropriate from the
articles.

Hope this helps and good
luck!