Can anyone give me a summary of the Reconquista?I'm writing a research paper on what past events led to tension between Muslims and Christians...

The Reconquista is the name given to the wars waged by the
various states of what is now Spain (Spain wasn't one country in those days) to take
Spain and Portugal back from the Muslims who ruled it.  These wars took around 700 years
to complete, ending in 1492.

Parts of the area that is now
Spain and Portugal were ruled by Muslims starting in 710 or 711.  By the year 1000, the
Muslim part of Iberia had split up.  It was no longer ruled by just one ruler.  This
gave the Spaniards the opportunity to start fighting back against the Muslims.  The wars
continued until 1492.  At that time, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castille
(those were two of the little kingdoms in what is now Spain) used their combined power
to oust the last of the Muslims from Spain.

During the
Reconquista, there were many atrocities on both sides.  These atrocities, and the simple
fact that the wars happened, are one reason why some Muslims have bad feelings about the
West and Christianity.

How to edit English language in the USA?What are the editing steps used in the writing process in the United States?

When teaching editing, I typically have my students work
in two completely separate steps: content editing and
mechanical editing.

The first
step is to edit for content.  This means editing for purpose, logical organization,
flow, and overall readability.  If a paper or an essay lacks overall focus or purpose,
is illogically organized, lacks examples and elaboration on points, or is generally hard
to follow, there is no point in editing for the mechanical mistakes because likely the
bulk of the paper needs to be rewritten.  In my opinion, content editing is easiest to
do at the outline level.

The second step is mechanical
editing.  Once the content of the paper is correct, this step in editing looks at the
nit-picky mechanics.  This means checking for things like correct spelling, complete
sentences, correct punctuation, and correct use of pronouns and
verbs.

A third step can be added to
the editing process but is only necessary when you are ready to take your writing to a
higher level.  At this point, minor changes to wording might help "clean up" a paper by
simplifying the language or getting to a point more directly.  I often tell my students,
after editing for content and basic mechanics, to "polish" their final paper by
re-reading one final time and attempting to remove 10-20 more words.  Often, what has
been said in 10 words can be better said in 5.

How does Steinbeck reconcile the viewpoints of individuality and collectivity?Socio-economic views in The Grapes of Wrath seem to be based on ideas...

I think that part of what makes Steinbeck such a great
writer is that he recognized that two of the basic elements that defined America are at
fundamental odds with one another.  Participatory democracy was one of the most basic
ideas in American History.  It led to the foundation of the nation and argues a sense of
the collective good.  However, this comes into direct opposition with the tenets of
capitalism, which is more of a "winner take all" economic condition of the world.  The
overall sense of fairness that is evident in democratic advocacy is not present in
capitalism.  This might not have been the original intent of capitalist endeavors, but
Steinbeck understands that this is how capitalism was perceived and manipulated
throughout the 1920s.   The results from this Jazz Age style of economics were that the
political vision of the nation and its economic machine were in conflict with one
another.  Lack of regulation become synonymous with greed and self interest and
discarding any notion of social solidarity.  This came to a massive fountainhead in the
1930s and the Great Depression.  Democratic advocacy was weakened in the face of
capitalist struggle where individuals are divided for the smallest of
pittance.

For Steinbeck, the resolution of works such
as The Grapes of Wrath is how he seeks to reconcile capitalism and
democratic tendencies.  Through the characters of Tom Joad and Jim Casy, Steinbeck
argues that the only way for capitalism and democracy to coexist is when individuals
adopt a perspective that sees beyond individual and embraces a collective element. 
Steinbeck is quick to see disaster and problems result if individuals remain in their
own isolated and fragmented states.  Tom's evolution from someone who wants nothing to
do with people to a figure who sees himself linked with the struggles of another is
where Steinbeck believes reconciliation is possible for America.  The embrace of
capitalism and the embodiment of democratic participation can only happen when
individuals see past their own conditions.  Consider the image of Rose of Sharon.  She
has something that is valued as wealth.  There is a man in the barn who is impoverished,
meaning he needs milk.  Her sacrifice is what enables life to continue, and Steinbeck
must have seen this as the secret that will harmonize the dissonant sounds of capitalism
and democracy.  It is in this light that Steinbeck is able to see a unity between both
collectivity and individuality.  Steinbeck sees this as the only answer to the collision
of incommensurate notions of the good.

Can somebody help me find some sexist quotes from To Kill a Mockingbird and please include chapters?

Although there are plenty of racist statements in
To Kill a Mockingbird--made by both children and adults--the novel
is mostly devoid of specific sexist quotations. Harper Lee occasionally comments on her
(or Scout's) preference for male lifestyle, but the author keeps most of the characters'
opinions to themselves. Here are a few of the non-racist
examples.

• "Ain't no snot-nosed slut of a
  schoolteacher ever born c'n make me do nothin'!" -- Burris Ewell's comment to Miss
  Caroline (Chapter 3)


• "He says you
  goddam whore, I'll kill ya." -- Tom Robinson, repeating what he had hear Bob Ewell tell
  Mayella (Chapter 19)


• "Are you being
  impudent to me, boy?" -- Mr. Gilmer to Tom Robinson (Chapter 19).
  Though it may be considered more racist than sexist, Gilmer repeatedly
  referred to Tom as "boy" thoughout his
  questioning.

In the book The Giver, what is a description for Jonas's bedroom and the dining room?

In The Giver, Lois Lowry offers a
purposeful lack of description of Jonas' physical surroundings.  His sleeping room
consists of his bed and, on some occasions, Gabriel's crib, but aside from that we are
given no details.  It does have a door and seems to be the one place in his dwelling,
and perhaps in the whole community, where Jonas can have any real privacy.  We know it
is the one room where Gabriel can sleep through the night without much fuss, but this is
due to Jonas soothing the child with his "memories" rather than to any physical
attribute of the room.

The dining room, too, lacks real
description.  It is the place where the family shares their dreams after the morning
meal and significant events from their day after the evening meal.  Much of the
interaction between Jonas and his parents occurs here.  Beyond a table and chairs,
however, we never really get a sense of what is in the room.  In fact, we get a sense
that it is not a separate area at all.  When family members move from the table to the
shelf, desk, or cupboard, it does not appear that they leave the room.  In Chapter 5,
Lowry describes Jonas' mother cleaning up the morning meal and then placing the tray by
the door for the Collection Crew to retrieve.  This tells us that the family does not
cook their own meals, and therefore their dwelling does not need a kitchen.  We might
speculate that aside from the sleeping rooms and, presumably, a bathroom, the dwelling
consists of just one large room.

Did Jack find Bod at the end?

Yes. Jack disguised himself as an "innocent" old man, who
was called Mr. Frost. Jack Frost does find Bod, with the help of Bod's old childhood
friend, Scarlett. Although, with the help of the inhabitants of the graveyard, Bod was
able to trick Jack into going inside "The tomb of the Indigo Man" where Bod said that he
was the master of the sleers and a creature appeared with 3 heads of a human being with
a body of a long snake. This creature then ended killing Jack when he threatened the
Sleer's master (Bod) because "WE WILL PROTECT HIM UNTIL THE END OF TIME. THE SLEER WILL
HOLD HIM IN ITS COILS FOREVER AND NEVER LET HIM ENDURE THE DANGERS OF THE
WORLD."

Discuss in detail "One Day I Wrote Her Name" as a love poem of Edmund Spenser.

Edmund Spenser's "One Day I Wrote Her Name," is a
fourteen-line sonnet written about a woman that he loves, as he tries to eternalize her
in verse, so that she will live on forever.

The sonnet is
written in iambic-pentamter, with the rhyme scheme ABABCDCDEFEFGG, which shows the
pattern of rhyme scheme; there is rhyming couplet at the end of the poem, which acts as
the summary of the previous twelve lines.

The first four
lines show the futility of life—or love—lasting forever, like writing in the sand. The
speaker says that he does this: writing his sweetheart's love in
the sand, but that the waves come and wash it away
twice.

One
day I wrote her name upon the strand,

But came the waves
and washed it away:

Agayne I wrote it with a second
hand,

But came the tyde, and made my paynes his
pray.

In the next four lines,
the speaker's lady love tells him that he works in vain to immortalize her, "A mortal
thing…" She points out that one day she will die—her body will fall to decay as all
living things must—in that moment, she says her name will be lost, wiped out as the wave
erases the letters in the sand. In essence, she is telling him to "pull himself
together: this is the way of life and death."

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Vayne men, sayd she, that doest in vaine
assay,

A mortall thing so to
immortalize,

For I my selve shall lyke to this
decay,

And eek my name bee wyped out
lykewize.

The author's love
for this woman is so great that he refuses to accept what she has said, and strives to
prove her wrong. Other things that are "baser" may die and rot, but
he insists that by writing this poem, he will immortalize her so
that long after her death, even the heavens will remember her
"glorious" name. In this he is now not speaking of her natural
beauty, but her spiritual
"loveliness."

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...he seeks to immortalize...not the physical
beauty of the beloved, but those spiritual qualities…[of her] spiritual
beauty...

Perhaps he is not
only promising that men and angels will remember her and she will live on, but some
essence of this woman he loves so passionately will live on in him with these
words.

Not
so, (quod I) let baser things devize

To dy in dust, but you
shall live by fame:

My verse your vertues rare shall
eternize,

And in the hevens wryte your glorious
name.

The rhyming couplet
serves to summarize the poem's intent. This is the main thought the speaker is trying to
share—to make understood. He claims that while the rest of the world will pass away—be
"subdued" by the circle of life and death—his love will allow them both to live on in
this verse.

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Where whenas death shall al the world
subdew,

Our love shall live, and later life
renew.

The poet believes that
while people pass away, words eternalize a person so that he or she may live on beyond
the boundaries that apply to most humans. The theme of immortality achieved through
literature is not uncommon, and in all the years that have passed since the poem's
inception, though we do not know her name, we still remember his love for her—which
does live on in verse.

In Sonnet 75,
Spenser's "One Day I Wrote Her Name...

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...he claimed to have found permanence in the
monument created by
art

Spenser believes that by
eternalizing the beautiful essence of her spirituality, she will
live on in the next life—as will their love—beyond the end of time on
earth.

What is the real situation of Maoris in New Zealand?

The Maoris are the indigenous ethnic group that inhabits
New Zealand. They arrived from Polynesian islands during the 14th century and became
known for their warlike tendencies. They coexisted fairly peacefully with the Europeans
who later colonized the islands and the Maoris still make up about 15% of the current
population, the second most prominent national ethnic group. They face many problems in
New Zealand today, however. They suffer from lower life expectancy and other health
problems, including high rates of suicide, obesity, and alcohol and drug abuse; lower
incomes; high rates of domestic violence; and a high crime rate, making up nearly half
of the New Zealand prison population. Maori students also rank poorly; less than
one-half finish school. Maoris are still seeking financial compensation for past
historical grievances.

Describe the Japanese internment camps. Explain where they were located and how they were set-up.

All Japanese-Americans--including those with American
citizenship--living along the Pacific Coast were forcibly interned following the bombing
of Pearl Harbor. In all, more than 100,000 were eventually confined. Camps were set up
in California, Oregon and Washington state to house the interned; only Hawaii was
spared, where only about 1% of Japanese-Americans were forced into confinement. Many
Korean-Americans were also included. (A much smaller number of German- and
Italian-Americans were also confined in other parts of the nation.) The authorization
for forcible internment, Executive Order 9066, was signed by
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. Military-run areas were
designated as "exclusion zones;" it was later discovered that the U.S. Census Bureau was
also involved with the resettlement. Decades later, financial reparations were later
paid to survivors and their heirs.

Many of the early camps
"were temporary facilities that were first set up in horse racing tracks, fairgrounds
and other large public meeting places" before the internees were sent to permanent
structures. The camps were run by the Department of Justice, the Wartime Civil Control
Administration and the War Relocation Authority. In addition to the West Coast, there
were camps in Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Arkansas, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Montana and New Jersey. Many people were also housed at U.S. military
bases around the country as well.

Since the housing was
built quickly, many were made of "tar paper-covered barracks of simple frame
construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind." Most were modeled
after military barracks, where people were housed in groups, so they were not always
accomodating to families; "spartan" conditions might be a good definition. For example,
the Heart Mountain War Relocation Center in Wyoming

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was a barbed-wire-surrounded enclave with
unpartitioned toilets, cots for beds, and a budget of 45 cents daily per capita for food
rations. Because most internees were evacuated from their West Coast homes on short
notice and not told of their assigned destinations, many failed to pack appropriate
clothing for Wyoming winters which often reached temperatures below zero Fahrenheit.
Many families were forced to simply take the "clothes on their
backs."

All camps were
patrolled by armed guards, and most were located in remote areas. Internees usually had
free run of the camps, and many were allowed access to surrounding areas. Although it is
now considered a terrible time in our nation's history (imagine interning all Muslim
Americans because of the 911 attacks!), a Japanese phrase was often used to express the
hopelessness of the situation: "Shikata ga nai"--"it cannot be
helped." 

Can somebody please tell me two times Piggy is ridiculed in Lord of the Flies?I would really appreciate it if you can support your answer with...

Ralph betrays Piggy in the very first chapter of
Lord of the Flies when he tells the other boys his true nickname.
Piggy had already asked Ralph not to tell them this--he was obviously trying to live it
down from the school in which he had come. When the boys were all introducing
themselves, Jack told Piggy that he was "talking too much," and
said

     
"Shut up, Fatty."
     Laughter rose.
     "He's not Fatty," cried
Ralph, "his real name's Piggy!"
     ... A storm of laughter arose and even
the tiniest child joined
in.

Piggy is derided again in
the moments before his death in Chapter 11. When he takes the conch and tries to speak,
the boys hoot and howl at him. Piggy tries to reason with
them.

    
"You're acting like a crowd of kids."
     The booing rose and died again as
Piggy lifted the white, magic shell.
     ... A great clamor rose among the
savages. Piggy shouted again.
     "Which is better--to have rules and agree,
or to hunt and kill?"
     Again the clamor and
again--

What are the themes presented in Odyssey 19?

Odyssey 19 in which the level of
building suspense is taken to another level. Odysseus and Telemachus begin hiding
weapons so that the suitors will not be able to fight
back.

The disguised Odysseus and Penelope also have a
lengthy encounter in which Odysseus tells her a story about having seen Odysseus alive.
In contrast, Penelope tells the disguised Odysseus about a dream she has had, a dream
which Odysseus interprets as indicating that Odysseus will soon bring about the
destruction of the suitors.

Also in Book 19, the aged
maidservant Eurycleia recognizes Odysseus, but he tells her to keep his identity a
secret:

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‘Nurse, will you destroy me, you who suckled me
at your breast? I am home indeed after twenty years of toil and sorrow, but now a god
has inspired you and you have found me out be quiet and keep it from all the rest of the
house.

Thus, in looking back
at Odyssey 19, this book appears to touch upon the theme of
identity. Odysseus is moving closer and closer to revealing his identity to all those
present in the household and thus is moving closer and closer to "being his old
self."

In 1984, why must the past be altered?

According to the principles of ingsoc, the past is
completely arbitrary and exists only in the written or other records of a society. 
Because this is the only reality in which they exist, once those records are destroyed,
the past ceases to exist in any form except for that which the ruling party
chooses.

And so the ruling party can then change the past
to be whatever it wants without ever having changed the past because it only exists in
the way the party chooses.  Once this mechanical process is mastered by the party, it
follows that members of the party and of the society in general must be trained to
forget the past as well and be able to subscribe to the manufactured past easily and
quickly.

Why does Nurse Ratched value order in the ward in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest?

Nurse Ratched's primary motivation throughout the
narrative is one of control.  She seeks to control the patients in the ward with a sense
of totality that is beyond question and above reproach.  The doctors are only peripheral
because the ward is hers, and she ensures that her embrace of rules and order is done to
consolidate her own power of the patients.  She views control as the most important
element in the life of her patients.  This is shown not to be maternalistic, as much as
representative of a totality where structure and order is the most important element. 
Her background as an Army nurse is present as there is a clear chain of command and she
starts it.  Nurse Ratched represents that element of society and political order that
values control over all, including personal expression and individual entitlements. 
McMurphy's presence represents the anomaly that always is present to such orders,
demanding social and political change.  In the end, her power driven sense of control is
shown, and while McMurphy might have failed for freedom in his own setting, his example
towards her has inspired others to bring down her environment of control and
dominance.

What were the names of the author's brothers and sisters?

In the book Kaffir Boy, Johannes
(also known as Mark) Mathabane is the eldest of seven children. When the story begins,
he is five years old, and only two of his siblings, Florah and George, are born yet. The
arrival of the fourth child, Maria, is confusing to Johannes, who cannot understand why
his mother keeps looking fatter when the family has no food to eat. By the time the
youngest three, Merriam, Dinah, and Linah, are born, Johannes knows what is happening.
He sometimes resents his new siblings because they are a drain on his family's scant
resources.

In Lord of the Flies Chapter 5, Simon comes up with a dangerous idea. What is it?William Golding's Lord of the Flies

In Chapter 5 of Lord of the Flies, Golding writes
that

There was
a long pause while the assembly grinned at the though of anyone going out in the
darkness.

Significantly, this
line bespeaks of the weakness that lies in mankind when faced with its own shortcomings
and dark nature.  Too quickly, it is much easier to laugh and deride the grim truth or
find other explanations for what is too uncomfortable a truth.  For instance, the boys
try to label the beast as a sea creature.  But, after Ralph gives Simon the conch, Simon
explains,  "What I mean is...maybe it's [the beast] only
us."

"Shocked out of decorum," Piggy, who has said that he
seeks a solution, rejects Simon's intuitive answer since he represents the rational side
of man:  "Nuts!"  Piggy's reaction causes Simon to become "inarticulate in his effort to
express mankind's essential illness."

When Simon attempts
to explain to the boys by using the analogy about "the dirtiest thing there is," his
efforts are parodied, and he shrinks back to his seat; symbolically, Ralph peers "into
the gloom," the darkness of the boys' minds that will not open to Simon's insightful
observation.

What has George taken from Granny Weatherall that she hopes to regain by the end of "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"?

As George is the name of the man that jilted Granny
Weatherall all those years ago, and as this is still something that Granny Weatherall
remembers with shame and embarrassment, we can infer that Granny Weatherall wants her
dignity back as she feels that this is what primarily was taken from her when she was
jilted. Note what she says in her mind about George:

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Yes, she had changed her mind after sixty years
and she would like to see George. I want you to find George. Find him and be sure to
tell him I forgot him. I want him to know I had my husband just the same and my children
and my house like any other woman. A good house too and a good husband that I loved and
fine children out of him. Better than I hoped for even. Tell him I was given back
everything he took away and
more.

Note the way that this
quote is paradoxical. Granny insists she has forgotten George, yet at the same time
feels the need to send him this message, that indicates that she has not forgotten him.
The purpose of this message seems to be to prove to George that she has lived life
anyway in spite of the hurt she suffered because of his rejection, yet at the same time
she is aware of "something not given back," some emptiness in her life because of her
jilting. It is perhaps this sense of dignity lost that she wants to regain by the end of
her story.

Was expanding European interests worth the price that was paid by the Africans?

I think that there are a couple of elements at play here. 
The first would be that I am not sure a complete answer can be derived to the question
because the point of view is essential.  In Part III, when Okonkwo comes back to his
village, he recognizes the presence of the Europeans.  Obviously, for he and his desire
to bring back the traditional ways, this is a problem and thus the expansion of European
interest was not worth the price.  Yet, there are those in the village who directly
benefit from working with the Europeans.  The Igbo who were installed as proxy judges
and magistrates by the Europeans found the expansion worthwhile as it increased their
own sense of control and power.  In this light, the price that they, as Africans, paid
was not as significant as those who were under them.  It is Achebe's greatness that he
reflects this valence of power in his story.  Had Okonkwo returned to his position of
power, then I think that he might be reading the expansion of Europeans in a different
light.  In the end, when examining the impact on indigenous people, some benefited while
many others suffered.  The price that was paid was seen as too high by some, if they
were "the other" in such a process.  For others, there was little price to be paid as
they sought to be "insiders" in such a political and social
configuration.

Is Slim a lonely character? How?It seems like Slim and George have each other to talk to. They get along pretty well. Does that mean that, after...

Slim is a lonely character in the sense that not many in
his world match his level of skill, intelligence, and sensitivity. He is described in
narration as godlike in comportment; when he speaks, men listen. Even Lennie, whose
memory is terrible, remembers Slim. When George questions Lennie about Slim and Curley's
wife possibly being in the barn, Lennie is able to tell George that Slim had been alone,
and had told Lennie not to pet the pups so much.

Perhaps
the only character in the novel for whom Slim felt  companionship was, indeed, George,
but as the answer above states, George seems primed to go about the rest of his life in
the way he described to Lennie in part one: in cathouses, drinking whiskey and shooting
pool.

Given that x+y=z, what is numerical value of expression cos^2x+cos^2y+cos^2z- 2cosx*cosy*cosz?

We'll re-write the term (cos z)^2 = [cos
(x+y)]^2

cos (x+y) = cos x*cos y - sin x*sin
y

[cos (x+y)]^2 = (cos x*cos y - sin x*sin
y)^2

We'll expand the
square:

[cos (x+y)]^2 = (cos x*cos y)^2 + (sin x*sin y)^2 -
2sin x*sin y*cos x*cos y

We'll re-write the last term of
the givn expression:

2cosx*cosy*cosz =
2cosx*cosy*cos(x+y)

2cosx*cosy*cosz = 2cosx*cosy*(cos x*cos
y - sin x*sin y)

We'll remove the
brakets:

2cosx*cosy*cosz = 2(cos x*cos y)^2 - 2sin x*sin
y*cos x*cos y

We'll re-write the
expression:

E(x) = (cos x)^2 + (cos y)^2 + (cos x*cos y)^2
+ (sin x*sin y)^2 - 2sin x*sin y*cos x*cos y - (cos x*cos y)^2 - (cos x*cos y)^2 + 2sin
x*sin y*cos x*cos y

We'll eliminate like
terms:

E(x) = (cos x)^2 + (cos y)^2 + (sin x*sin y)^2 -
(cos x*cos y)^2

We'll use the Pythagorean
identity:

(sin x)^2 = 1 - (cos
x)^2

(sin y)^2 = 1 - (cos
y)^2

(sin x*sin y)^2 = [1 - (cos x)^2][1 - (cos
y)^2]

We'll remove the
brackets:

(sin x*sin y)^2 = 1 - (cos x)^2 - (cos y)^2 +
(cos x*cos y)^2

We'll re-write the
expression:

E(x) = (cos x)^2 + (cos y)^2 +1 - (cos x)^2 -
(cos y)^2 + (cos x*cos y)^2 - (cos x*cos y)^2

We'll
eliminate like terms:

E(x) =
1

The numerical  value of the given
expression is E(x) = 1.

What "disaster" happened at Christmas between Scout and Francis, in the book, To Kill a Mockingbird?

Yes, Scout fights her cousin Francis for saying the ugly
things he says, but I think the issue is bigger than just the fight. We all know that
Scout is quick to fight and think later, but this time it is with a family member.
Francis doesn't mind telling Scout exactly what Aunt Alexandra has said about Atticus
and the way he is raising his children. He even makes fun of Dill, and this sets Scout
on edge.

"If
Uncle Atticus lets you run around with stray dogs, that's his own business, like Grandma
says, so it ain't your fault. I guess it ain't your fault if Uncle Atticus is a
nigger-lever besides, but I'm here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the
family-"
"Francis, what the hell do you mean?"
"Just what I said.
Grandma says it's bad enough he lets you all run wild, but new he's turned out a
nigger-lover we'll never be able to walk the streets of Maycomb agin. He's ruinin' the
family name, that's what he's
doin."

After Francis tells
Scout just what the family thinks of Atticus, Scout fights him. In her young age, she
doesn't understand the ramifications of what has been told to her. Francis is just
repeating what his grandmother has said to him. This is the first time Scout is hearing
these horrible things being said about her father by his own family. It is a shock to
her, and she has a hard time understanding it. This whole event takes place to set up
the way the town is going to feel about Atticus and the things Scout is going to
hear.

Discuss Queen Elizabeth I's private life and public life.

Not much is available about Elizabeth I's private life.
She was a Queen and her private life was that—private. Much of what is suggested about
her life outside the public view is based upon rumor.

We
know that Elizabeth I was imprisoned from the age of eighteen until she was twenty-five,
by her suspicious half-sister, Mary. When Mary died without an heir, she named Elizabeth
heir to the throne, making sure the monarchy remains in the Tudor name. Elizabeth was
shrewd like her father, Henry VIII. To turn England's fortunes around, she would need
her father's strong, and often times harsh, character
traits.

Elizabeth was successful in promoting religious
tolerance. Elizabeth, against the wishes of her advisors, resisted marriage—she was
"married to her job." She was able to avoid war with the two other major powers of the
time, France and Spain. She saw England's treasury replenished by Sir Francis' Drakes
"unsanctioned" attacks of Spanish ships returned weighted down with gold from the New
World. Elizabeth also ushered in the Elizabethan Renaissance which promoted a rebirth of
interest in the arts. This is the time in which Shakespeare began his
career.

Elizabeth also needed to show her father's steely
resolve when she had Essex (a favorite who tried to take the throne from her) and Mary,
Queen of Scot (who signed a document agreeing to the murder of Elizabeth) executed. Both
situations saddened her, but were political
necessities.

Rumor surrounded her private life. Elizabeth
spent some time with the Queen Dowager Katherine after Henry died, when Katherine
remarried, to Thomas Seymour; but rumors were reported that Katherine found them kissing
or in bed together, and Elizabeth left. However, another source recounts that when
Seymour would plan his stealthy visits in the early morning hours, Elizabeth would be
already up and reading.

As Queen, Elizabeth would wear
extravagant gowns and jewels, but as a young princess, she was careful in how she
appeared. We could assume that she had no desire to draw attention to herself; she was
considered illegitimate, political change was possible—it proved inevitable. Her brother
Edward was too young to take the throne (so his ministers advised him), but he would die
young, and a political scramble would follow. Elizabeth kept her head down and handled
herself with grace.

readability="7">

...before 1558, she took care to dress soberly,
the image of chastity and
modesty.

Perhaps not private,
uncertain, it is said that after Mary took the throne, Elizabeth lived in fear of her
life, hearing a "credible rumor" about an order sent by Mary to have Elizabeth killed.
However...

readability="7">

...Sir John Brydges [the] honest Lieutenant, had
not acted upon it because it lacked the queen's
signature…

When she was
crowned Queen, Elizabeth refused marriage, having a healthy mistrust of the institution,
but she did have favorites, courtiers: one was Robert Dudley. It is not clear if they
were lovers; they did not marry. Another was Essex.

readability="6">

His name was Robert Devereux, earl of
Essex...

...and while she
enjoyed his company, he had his eyes on the throne. There is, again, no way to be sure
of extent of their relationship.

The Queen once said she
lived where everyone could see whatever she did. If she stepped out of line, it would
affect the public's perception of her.

Except for rumors,
there was little of Elizabeth's private life that can be
reported.

Provide a linear function such as f(1-x)=3x+2?

We'll recall which is the standard form of a linear
function;

f(x) = ax + b

To
determine the linear function, we'll have to identify the coefficients a and
b.

Since we know the result of f(1-x), we'll replace x by
(1-x) in the standard form:

f(1-x) = a(1-x) +
b

f(1-x) = a - ax + b (1)

But,
from enunciation, we know that f(1-x) = 3x+2 (2)

We'll
equate (1) and (2) and we'll get:

-ax + a + b = 3x +
2

Comparing, we'll get:

-a = 3
=> a = -3

a + b = 2 <=> -3 + b = 2
=> b = 5

The requested linear function
is f(x) = -3x + 5.

What expression represents the area of the square inscribed inside a circle with radius r?

You need to find the expression for the area of the square
inscribed in a circle in terms of the radius of the circle given as
r.

A square inscribed in a circle is one that has the
largest sides and can be fitted into the circle, because if that were not the case the
corners of the square would not touch the circle.

There are
two properties that you may have learnt, one of them is that a right triangle inscribed
by a circle has the hypotenuse as a diameter. If you haven't learnt that, we can start
with the fact that the length of the longest line segment which can be drawn in a circle
is equal to its diameter. Now, the square is divided by its diagonal into two congruent
right triangles each with two sides equal to the sides of the square and the hypotenuse
equal to the diagonal of the square. The diagonal has the same length as the diameter of
the circle.

The radius of the circle is r. The diagonal of
the square is equal in length to 2r. If the side of the square is s, use the Pythagorean
Theorem to get the length of the diagonal as sqrt( s^2 +
s^2)

or sqrt (2*s^2) = s*sqrt
2

s*sqrt 2 = 2r

=> r =
s*sqrt 2/ 2

=> r = s/sqrt
2

s = r* sqrt 2

The area of a
square with side s is equal to s^2.

As s =  r*sqrt
2

=> s^2 = r^2*( sqrt
2)^2

=> s^2 =
2*r^2

Hope you understood how I got the
result.

So we get the area of the square
inscribed by a circle in terms of the radius of the circle as
2*r^2.

What lesson can be learned from Sydney Carton's death?A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens What lesson does Dickens tell to his readers with...

The theme of redemption is exemplified in the sacrificial
death of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities.  As a Christ-like
figure, Carton is the sacrificial victim who dies for the sins of the Evremonde twins
who killed members of the family of Madame DeFarge.  In dying for the family of Charles
Darnay, ne Evremonde, Carton also redeems his dissipated life by his act of love for
Lucie in returning to her her beloved husband.

That Sydney
Carton has redeemed himself is evident in the final passages of the novel in which
Carton envisions a child who bears his name on the lap of his dear
Lucie,

a man,
winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine.  I see him winning it so
well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of
his.

This theme of death and
resurrection/redemption has been prevalent through Dickens's novel.  First, it is
introduced in Book the First as Dr. Manette is "Recalled to Life," then, it is presented
humorously as Jerry Cruncher, who refers to himself as a "resurrection man,"
contemplates that it would not do for him if men were "recalled to life."  Charles
Darnay is imprisoned--buried from society--and then released twice in the novel.  And,
finally, it takes another's death to resurrect the life of Charles
Darnay.

How is the plot structure of "Everday Use" developed?

Alice Walker develops the plot of her short story by
contrasting three conflicts as they are portrayed in the lives of the two sisters Maggie
and Dee.The three conflicts which structure Alice Walker's moving short story "Everyday
Use" are:

1. Fantasy and
reality: The story begins with the mother dreaming and
fantasizing about how she would like her relationship with Dee to be:"You've no doubt
seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted..........But that is
a mistake. I know even before I wake up." The mother desires to have a sentimental
relationship with Dee whom she expects to be overwhelmingly and eternally grateful
towards her for all the sacrifices she had made to give her a prosperous life style.
Hence the difference between the mother's dream and expectations and the reality of the
situation where Dee has scant regard or respect for her mother's
expectations.

2. Conservative and
progressive attitude: Dee has changed her name into the
African Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo, because her old name "Dee" reminded her of her white
colonial masters. Outwardly her reason for changing her name might be politically
correct but its certainly not culturally correct.  Her entire past is negated because of
this name change. Dee's mother traces the family history of that name saying, "though,
in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the
branches."  Thus the conservative attitude of the mother clashes with the progressive
attitude of
Dee.

3. Education:
Dee was the intelligent girl who graduated from high school in Augusta unlike Maggie who
"knows that she is not bright" and only semi literate;  the mother of course confesses,
"I never had an education myself." Thus education and a lack of education is also a
source of conflict in the mother-daughter relationship and sister-sister
relationship:

readability="9">

"Maggie will be nervous until after her sister
goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down
her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and
awe."

When a plant reproduces vegetatively its offspring are genetically _____.

Many plants are able to produce individuals asexually,
without producing seeds. Therefore, there is no pollination, fertilisation or gametes.
This form of asexual reproduction is called vegetative
propagation.

The offsprings produced are genetically
identical to its parent as well as others. Because it does not undergo the process of
meiosis, where changes may occur genetically.

At what time did "The Cask of Amontillado" take place and why is this so appropriate to the plot? Please help me! Thanks.Any help would be greatly...

Poe never reveals exactly what year "The Cask of
Amontillado" takes place. Since the story was first published in 1846, it could have
been at about the same time period. We do know that most of the story takes place at
night--the time which Montresor knows will be the least likely for anyone to witness his
act of revenge. Since it is the carnival season, Montresor has told his servants that he
will be out, knowing that the servants will also leave the premises. The late night
setting adds to the mystery and helps to build the suspense as Montresor leads Fortunato
deeper into the catacombs. It also adds a certain creepiness and foreboding to this tale
of murder.

Among all the deaths that have taken place, which one is the most tragic?Macbeth by William Shakespeare

With Shakespeare's Macbeth being a
"tragedy of the imagination," as renowned critic Harold Bloom claims, the most tragic
death is that of Macbeth himself as his demise provides him an understanding of himself
and arouses the most pity in the audience who, to some extent identify with his
imagination.  Like Macbeth, the audience, too, conscious of an ambition or desire, often
perceive themselves as having already committed the deed that will take them to
the future where the act is a fait accompli [something that already
has been accomplished]. Indeed, it is this similar condition of people's own
imaginations that arouses the fear in the audience about Macbeth's tragedy of
imagination.

Following the definition of the tragic hero as
set forth by Aristotle in his Poetics, then, in addition to
Macbeth's arousing pathos and ethos in his audience, he also
suffers a misfortune that is not entirely his own fault.  Under the influence of the
preternatural world of the three witches and goaded by his beloved wife, who challenges
his very masculinity, Macbeth commits the murder of Duncan, a murder he has not
desired.

Also adhering to Aristotle's definition of the
tragic hero, unlike Lady Macbeth who dies in madness, Macbeth, before his death, gains
self-knowledge.  For, as Macduff, "not of woman born" defeats him, Macbeth realizes that
he has been a victim of his own his "proleptic imagination," [Bloom], an
imagination that takes him to the deed completed before it has really
happened.

In Shakespeare's Hamlet, explain the irony of the King's plan depending on Hamlet being "most generous and free from all contriving?"

In Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, in Act
Four, scene seven, Claudius is speaking to Laertes, who has returned to Elsinore castle,
prepared to seek vengeance on Hamlet for Polonius's
murder.

Claudius has cautioned Laertes from being rash in
killing Hamlet outright. He suggests that between the two of them, they can bring about
Hamlet's death so that no guilt will fall on either of them, and even Hamlet's mother
will think it is an accident.

The irony of the quote given
is that Claudius would think Hamlet so innocent. In other words, even after all that his
nephew has done—with the manipulation of the play to ascertain the King's guilt in the
murder of Old Hamlet, Polonius' murder (which the King admits could have been
him), and even his escape from Rosencrantz and
Guildenstern—Claudius still considers Hamlet to be generous, weak
and lacking in treachery or deceit. Ironically, despite Claudius' perceptions, Hamlet is
not lacking in deceit and he is not weak
(indecisive, perhaps), but he has been very astute in trying to
stay one step ahead of Claudius and tricking him into revealing his
guilt.

The entire quote
is:

[Hamlet],
being remiss,
Most generous and free from all contriving,
Will not
peruse the foils [swords]
 (IV.vii.147-149)

Claudius
assures Laertes that Hamlet will be completely unsuspecting that the swords may have
been tampered with (poisoned), and that Claudius and Laertes will have nothing to worry
about in their plot to murder Hamlet. However, Hamlet is no fool: he has learned his
lessons well by now, and he suspects treachery from the King; but he is committed to his
purpose of avenging his father's death, so he agrees to the "game" of swords...and
possible betrayal.

Do you think the author agrees with this statement? The poor are capable of greater sacrifice than others who are wealthy.in Harper Lee's To Kill a...

In Harper Lee's novel To Kill a
Mockingbird, I believe Lee would agree that the poor are capable of greater
sacrifice than others who are wealthy.

Those who are poor
are often used to making sacrifices. Surviving is a difficult task and many times just
keeping food on the table and shelter over one's family is hard enough. For the wealthy,
they are not forced to sacrifice, and sacrifice is uncomfortable, so most people who
don't have to sacrifice are not going to volunteer.

When
Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, the Idler's Club cannot understand why Atticus is
planning to "defend" Tom Robinson. It is not that they cannot understand why Atticus
says he will defend Tom, but why he is
actually going to do it! This would be considered a sacrifice by
some, but they cannot make sense of it.

The Missionary Tea
women don't actually make sacrifices for the blacks in Africa, but what they do makes
them feel like they are helping the "less fortunate." These women could do a great deal
in their own community, but will not—not for poor whites, and certainly not for the
blacks.

Those who have…are comfortable in this novel.
Atticus does for others, but to him it is not a sacrifice. And in order to help people
like Walter Cunningham save face, he will "barter" his services for whatever comes out
of the Cunningham garden.

When Atticus finishes Tom's
trial, the black community (people who do not have much) bring gifts of food as thanks.
It is during the Depression and Atticus knows how difficult it is for them to feed their
families. He is so overwhelmed by their generosity, that his eyes fill with tears and he
tells Calpurnia to tell them not to shortchange themselves again that way. This is a
sacrifice to these people, but they want to show their thanks. Even at the black church,
though it "hurts," Rev. Sykes convinces everyone to give a little extra that week for
Helen Robinson, and they do.

Who are the characters in the book "The Face on the Milk Carton"?I need to know them in order of importance please and thanks

Likely the most important, if you are trying to actually
rank them, would be Janie Johnson, then you could move to her parents since the three of
them together drive most of the action of the story.  You might also be able to put
Reeve shields up there but it is difficult to decide whether or not he would surpass the
parents in order of importance.

Again this is sort of a
difficult question as you could interpret it in different ways.  My feelings go for
Janie, then Mom and Dad though.

Attempt a feminist reading of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

The ironic aphorism of the opening sentence of
Pride and Prejudice brings the issue of money and marriage at
the center of Austen's novel. That marriageable girls are driven to the young, solvent
bachelors for their security and identity must be an important feminist angle in the
last decade of the 18th century.

The whole book has been
written from Elizabeth Bennet's point of view, and Elizabeth's self-respecting
intelligence serves as a strong resistance to the offensively proud cynicism of the male
chauvinist in Darcy. Elizabeth's disapproval of Charlotte's marriage to the clownish
Collins is yet another aspect of seeing marriage from the feminist standpoint.Elizabeth
accepts Darcy's proposal only after the proud male is sufficiently humbled to make a
second proposal to her.

Elizabeth was Austen's fictional
counterpart, an exceptional woman who finds love and marriage  in her own terms. She
even successfully encounters Darcy's formidable aunt to become the mistress of
Pemberley.  Austen's ironic stance in respect of the new economy of love has marked her
book an early discourse in the politics man-woman relationship.

In The Giver, what is the society like and how does it work?

It is clear that this excellent novel presents us with a
society that is strictly ordered and where little is allowed to be hidden or concealed
from those around you. Everything is so strictly counted and organised that any
deviation from the norm results in massive shock. Consider the way that Jonas feels fear
when the aeroplane goes above the community and everyone is told to enter the nearest
building. The community of which Jonas is a part is small and open, so that everyone
knows each other. Only a strict number of children are allowed to be born, and they are
not born traditionally, but in a sterile environment. "Parents" are only allowed to have
two children, and their job is to bring up these children to obey and respect the rules
of the community, which include such rules as a time of sharing each day. Behavior is
observed and comments heard. There is no such thing as privacy.

Why does Theseus tell Hermia to come to terms with her father's choice of husband for her in A MidSummer Night's Dream?

In A Midsummer's Night Dream, Theseus
tells Hermia that she needs to obey her father, because in that time in Athens,
daughters were the property of their fathers until they married, and then they became
the property of their husbands.  It was the law of Athens that she must obey
Egeus.

Theseus also points out that Demetrius is a fine
choice for husband, as he is well-bred, well respected, and was her father's choice for
her. She, however, counters that she does not love Demetrius and as a young girl she
wants to marry for love, not money.

Theseus did, however,
give her some options. If she chose to disobey her father and the law of the land, she
could join a convent and shun men the rest of her life, be banished from her homeland
forever, or be put to death. None of these options are particularly good ones, so she
had strong motivation to "make the right choice."

Half of a number added to its third part is eight less than the number. What is the number?

Let x to be the unknown
number.

In algebra, the verbal expression "half of
the number"  = x/2.

In the same way, the verbal expression
"the 3rd part" = x/3

We'll create the left side of the
equation:

Half of a number added to its third part is: x/2
+ x/3 =

In algebra, "is" means
"="

We'll create the right side of
equation:

"eight less than the number" x -
8

The equation is:

x/2 + x/3 =
x - 8

We'll multiply by 6 the
equation:

3x + 2x = 6x - 48

5x
- 6x = -48

-x = -48

x =
48

The unknown number is x =
48.

To what extent do wounds play a role in understanding the facts and circumstances surrounding wrongful death?facts

Wrongful death suits arise from many situations. You are
asking specifically about wounds. Yes, wounds could be valuable evidence, depending of
course on how the person died. Wrongful death suits are Tort actions. A tort is a civil
wrong propagated against a person. In other words, torts are not criminal matters, but
some turn into criminal matters if intent is shown. For example, you are admitted to the
hospital for a routine "minor" surgery. Something happens in the perioperative period
and you die. A couple of things are possible... maybe you had an unforeseen allergic
reaction to the anesthesia, this is not a tort because no one did anything wrong. Let's
say you had that same surgery but this time the surgeon or operating room nurse
inadvertently left an instrument inside you. This of course is an accident, it was not
intentional, but it is a tort because you are now injured and then you died. A wrongful
death suit could be filed by your next of kin, and they would win !  But... the problem
is you are still dead !

If f'(x) = 3x^2 - 6x +3, find f(x) if f(0) = 2

Given that f'(x) = 3x^2 - 6x +
3

We need to find the function
f(x).

But we know that f(x) = Integral
f'(x).

==> f(x) = Int (3x^2 - 6x + 3)
dx

==> f(x) = Int (3x^2) dx - Int 6x dx + Int 3
dx

==> f(x) = 3x^3/3 - 6x^2/2 + 3x +
C

Let us simplify.

==>
f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 + 3x + C

But we know that f(0) =
2

==> f(0) = 0 - 0 + 0 + C =
2

==> C =
2

==> f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 +3x + 2

What is unusual about McMurphy?

What isn't unusual about McMurphy?  The word "unusual"
takes on a much different meaning in a mental institution.  I spent the first half of
the book just trying to decide whether he was truly mentally ill or not.  Or whether
many of those inside were.  Clearly, some of his compatriots needed to be
institutionalized, but McMurphy was a match for Nurse Ratched, and the others enjoyed
watching them go back and forth, with McMurphy winning a good deal of the time.  If he
did have mental issues, they didn't affect his intelligence or awareness of himself and
those around him.

His voice and laughter were commanding,
they had a presence that gained attention, both positive and negative from those around
him and the hospital staff.

How is Scout's goal of becoming a "lady" prevented by her friends in To Kill a Mockingbird?Quotes will be helpful.

You may have noticed that Scout doesn't mention a single
girl her age in any of the chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird, so
hanging around with other boys all the time hardly gives her a chance to change her
tomboy ways. She spends all of her time with Jem when she's not in school, and when the
summer comes, she turns her attention to Dill. She joins them in their own boyish games,
and Scout seems perfectly contented to do so. Atticus does not harass her about her
unladylike ways except when she fights, which he bans her from doing. However, some
classmates, such as Cecil Jacobs, tempt her to fight with insults about Atticus; cousin
Francis does the same. She only dons a dress twice during the story: when she goes to
church with Calpurnia and at the Missionary Circle tea. It is there that she decides for
once that "if Auntie can act like a lady at a time like this, so can
I."

What is the meaning of "post" or "position" in office?I think post or position in office is job or appoinment but confusion is that job and...

When we refer to the post or the position that a person
holds, we are referring to their job.  We would say that Barack Obama holds the
post of President of the US.  We would say that that is his
position.

Some people get
their positions through
appointment.  A prime minister, for example, might appoint
someone else to the post of foreign minister or defense
minister.  In American English, at least, it would be odd to use
appointment and post in
similar ways.  We would say "his job is foreign minister"
or "his post is foreign minister" but we would not
typically say "his appointment is foreign
minister."

In the link below, you can see an example of the
term "post" at the start of the 4th paragraph.

In The Crucible, Abigail lies and accuses Sarah Good, Goody Osburn and Bridget Bishop of being with the devil. Why these 3 women in particular?

It is important to realise that this is a massive gamble
of Abigail's. She doesn't know how her supposed "confession" will be received and she
doesn't know what kind of power this will give her. Thus it is that in her confession
she chooses three people that were already the subject of suspicion by the community.
Note how the names are effectively given to Abigail by the Putnams whilst she stands by
and watched Tituba being accused and challenged by Hale and Parris. Sarah Good is a name
that is mentioned by Putnam and Good Osburn, Mrs. Putnam tells us, was a midwife to a
number of her stillborn babies:

readability="8">

Goody Osburn were midwife to me thre times. I
begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not to call Osburn because I feared her. My
babies always shrivelled in her
hands!

Thus Abigail shrewdly
picks "safe bets" for her first accusations of witchery. We can cynically see her here
beginning to discover the power that such accusations gives her and thinking about how
far she can take this power to gain her ends.

What was Aldous Huxley's background in science, and how is it reflected in the novel Brave New World?

Aldous Huxley's brother, Julian
wrote,

The
more [science] discovers and the more comprehension it gives us of the mechanism of
existence, the more clearly does the mystery of existence itself stand
out.

Thus, although Huxley
had to abandon science because of his poor eyesight and turn to literature, his outlook
remained essentially scientific.  For the theme of his novel is stated by him in the
foreword to the novel: 

readability="6">

The theme of Brave New World
is not the advancement of science as such; it is the advancement of science as it
affects human
individuals.

The Bokanovsky's
Process,the Podsnap's Technique, decanting, the scientific hypnopoediac conditioning,
the feelies, the fertility treatments, the Malthusian drill--these are all scientific
"advancements" that destroy and mitigate the humanity of the people of Brave
New World.

Rather interestingly, although
Huxley's Brave New World, which was published in 1932, contains a
radically pessimistic view of human nature in its antiutopia, with its eerie combination
of a totalitarian society and "ubiquitous feel-good drugs," and free sex, Huxley made
his home in California after the 1940s.  By the 1960s, ironically, Huxley himself had
embraced the drug culture promulgated by Timothy O'Leary, experimenting with mescaline
and LSD.  With his religious penchant at the time, Huxley felt that LSD and mescaline
gave users essentially the same experiences that mystics attained through prayer,
meditation, and fasting.  In fact, he wrote two books about the effects of psychedelic
drugs, The Doors of Perception (1954), and Heaven and Hell
(1956).

And, most ironically, as Huxley was dying from
cancer in 1963, he had LSD pumped through his veins--a scene reminiscient of the death
of John the Savage's mother, Linda.

Comment on the setting of Gothic novels.

It is important to realise the psychological nature of
Gothic fiction. Gothic literature places characters in extreme, isolated and desolate
settings, that indicate symbolically the way that they are pushed to the edge of human
civilisation and of their own understanding of what they hear and see in the Gothic
novels of which they are a part. Thus it is that if we look at a range of Gothic novels,
we can see that the kind of settings that are used are those that reflect this isolation
and expose their characters' weaknesses, vulnerability and psychological understanding
of what is happening to them. Have you ever noticed that it is much easier to assume
that something spooky or supernatural is going on when it is dark or when you are all by
yourself in the middle of nowhere? So it is that novels such as The Turn of
the Screw by Henry James or Northanger Abbey by Jane
Austen are set in isolated mansions and family homes. Wuthering
Heights is set in an extremely isolated part of the Yorkshire Moors, a place
that is subject to extreme weather conditions, and the Gothic classic
Frankenstein has a variety of locations, including an isolated,
almost deserted island of the Orkneys in Scotland, the wilds of the Arctic and on top of
a mountain. All of these settings of course suggest and reinforce that the characters
are operating on the fringes of civilisation and respectability.

I need help writing an introduction to a research paper titled "Patient Abandonment"Ideas and examples would be helpful. Thank you

From the subject given in your question, it sounds like
you are researching and writing on a medical and possibly psychological topic.  Before
going any further, let me advise you to save your introduction for the very end.  I find
it is much easier to write an introduction when I've already written the body of the
paper.  This way, I'm "introducing" something I'm very familiar with.  It tends to make
the introduction more natural and not sound forced.  Without knowing the content of your
entire paper, it is difficult to provide specific examples for an opening paragraph, but
you could consider the following as advice that should be applied to any
paper.

In a research paper of considerable length (as in,
more than a 5 paragraph essay), it is not uncommon to have several paragraphs serve as
the introduction.  I typically advise students to open with something that helps frame
some background information as well as sparks interest in the overall topic of the
paper.  In this, you could summarize a true story that you read about in your research. 
You could also provide startling facts and statistics about the frequency of patient
abandonment with the deeper intention of showing why this topic is important today (or
why many people are unaware of this as a problem).  If there are any vocabulary words
which are rare for an educated audience but will used frequently in the paper, the
introduction is not a bad place to provide some background knowledge to help pre-educate
your audience using some of the language the paper will
utilize.

Of course, remember, that ultimately, your
introduction must eventually provide your concrete thesis statement and an idea of the
organization method your paper will employ.  It is easiest to lead up to this and make
it the final paragraph of the introduction section, especially if you lead with a few
paragraphs that act as a "hook."

Remember not to make the
paper at all about you.  In fact, remain completely objective.  It is possible to show
why you are interested in a subject without directly stating, "This subject interests me
because..."  It is also possible to show why you believe a subject is important without
directly stating, "This subject is important
because..."

The link below provides a few other
introduction tips that might be helpful here.

What determined the timing of the U.S. entry into the Great War?

The States were not eager to get involved in the Great
War; but, of course, the Americans having a commun story with the English - and  "
separated " by the same language, were very sympathic to The United Kingdom against the
Tweite Reich.

By 7 May 1915, a German Untersee Boot hit the
Lusitania, an USA registered vessel. It sank with about 1,200 people a
board.

Now, this ship was transporting ammunition to one of
the countries involved in the war; and the Germans were aware of it, thanks to
informations out of the USA.

This way the Germans pretended
to have the right to blow up ( down ) the ship; that violated America's
neutrality.

President Wilson of the States has always been
avoiding to get involved, but Germany lost all sympathy in the
States.

By 1917 is launched a huge U-boat offensive in the
Atlantic. The Czar is in jeopardise weakening the east front. Germany stries to convince
Mexico to get on its side.

Too much, Wilson said ! And he
sent a message to the Senate.

By 6 April 1917 the USA
declares war on Germany.

Discuss the political components of the "Roosevelt coalition" formed in the 1930s.

This question is really quite vague and could use a little
clarification.  What is it you want us to say about this
coalition?

The coalition was made up of many groups of
people who had not had all that much political power in years past.  For example, the
coalition included labor unions which had been opposed by the Republican governments of
the '20s.  It included African Americans who never had had any real political power.  It
included poor immigrants.  They, too, had not been in power during the '20s.  In fact,
the '20s saw anti-immigrant legislation passed.

So, one
thing that you could say about the New Deal coalition is that it was made up largely of
groups that had not had much political power prior to the
1930s.

I hope that is the sort of discussion that you are
looking for...

What characteristics distinguish fungi from plants?

Kingdom fungi include organisms that are heterotrophic and
therefore rely on organic matter for nutrition. Fungi are important organisms because
they can carry out nutrient cycling in the soil. Some fungi for example yeast, can carry
out fermentation and their products as a result of this, can be consumed as beer and
wine. Examples of fungi include yeast, bread mold, mildew and mushrooms.  Fungi contain
cell walls made of chitin. The Plantae Kingdom include autotrophic organisms capable of
manufacturing their own organic nutrients(used for food) like glucose from inorganic raw
materials--carbon dioxide and water. This process is known as photosynthesis. Sunlight
is the energy necessary for this chemical reaction to occur and plant cells contain
chlorophyll which is a green pigment able to absorb visible light  for this process to
proceed. The cell walls of plant cells contain the carbohydrate cellulose. Both fungi
and plants contain eukaryotic cells.

why does impulse condition starts in receptors?

The impulses from the receptor pass along a
sensory neurone to the central nervous system. A
motor neurone carries the impulses to the muscles which
moves the hand away from the source of heat. This is the
RESPONSE

There are
two types of responses controlled by the nervous system.

1.
Learned responses. These responses are slower and need to
be learned (you are not born with them). Example imagine an athlete is waiting to start
a 100m race. The starter starts the race with a gun.

The
noise of the gun stimulates the sensitive cells in the ears, these cell then send
electrical impulses (messages) to the central nervous system, that is the spinal cord
and brain, via sensory neurone. Once the impulses get to the brain, it sorts out the
message and then co-ordinates a response. The impulses then travel from the brain to the
muscles via the motor neurone. When the muscles receive the impulses they contract and
move the athlete.

The stimulus
is the starter shooting the gun.

The
receptors are the cells in the athletes'
ears.

The co-ordinator is the
athlete's brain.

The effectors
are the muscles in the athletes' legs.

The
response is to start
running.

Stimulus - receptor - sensory neurone -
co-ordinator - motor neurone - effector - response

2.
Reflex actions. These types of reactions are very fast and
are automatic (you are born with them). These actions involve three neurones called
sensory, relay and
motor neurones. For example: if you touch something hot
with your hand.

Pain sensitive receptors in the skin detect
pain. The impulses from the receptor pass along a sensory
neurone to the central nervous system. At a junction
(synapse) between the sensory
neurone system and the relay neurone, in the
central nervous system, a chemical is released that causes
an impulse to be sent along the relay neurone. At a junction
(synapse) between the relay
and the motor neurone, a chemical is released that causes
impulses to be sent along the motor neurone. The
motor neurone carries the impulses to the muscles (the
EFFECTOR) which moves the hand away from the source of
pain. This is the RESPONSE.

A
reflex action always follows the
path:

Stimulus -
receptor - co-ordinator
- effector -
 response

The
major difference between learned responses and the reflex action is that the body
increases the speed of reflex actions by cutting out a part of the nervous system, that
is, the brain.

NOTE: The
effector can be either a muscle or a gland. Muscles respond to impulses by contracting,
glands respond by secreting.

"Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball." What was Squealer's mission in Animal Farm for doing this?

As Comrade Napoleon's right hand man in George Orwell's
Animal Farm, Squealer's most valuable asset was his ability to
spread propaganda among the animals. He was very successful, and the animals rarely
questioned his words. Although Snowball was no longer on the farm, many of the animals
remembered his bravery and wisdom while he was there. There was always a chance that he
would return and divide the animals, thereby weakening Napoleon's control. By blaming
Snowball for anything negative that happened on the farm, Squealer was able to plant
the idea that Snowball was a traitor and was working against the animals and with the
humans. This message could only strengthen Napoleon's position and diminish any possible
loyalty that any of the animals still felt toward Snowball.  

What is dy/dx for y - ln(1/y) + ln(y) = ln(x).

We have y - ln ( 1/y) + ln y = ln
x

use the relation that log a  + log b = log
a*b

=> y - ln [( 1/y)(1/y)] = ln
x

=> y - ln [ 1/y^2] = ln
x

=> dy/dx - y^2*(-2)*(1/y^3)*dy/dx =
1/x

=> dy/dx [ 1 + 2* y^2 / y^3] =
1/x

=> dy/dx [ 1 + 2/y]=
1/x

=> dy/dx  = 1/[x*(1 +
2/y)]

The required value of dy/dx  = 1/[x*(1
+ 2/y)]

In Twelfth Night, what is Malvolio's main conflict in the play?

It is Act II scene 3 that clearly shows with whom Malvolio
is in conflict in this excellent Shakespearian comedy. Note how, when Malvolio
interrupts the late night festivities organised by Sir Toby Belch, he is harsh in his
condemnation of such activities:

readability="13">

My masters, are you mad? Or what are you? Have
you no wit, manners, nor honesty but to gabble like tinkers at this time of night? Do
you make an alehouse of my lady's house that ye squeak out your coziers' catches without
any mitigation or remorse of voice? Is there no respect of place, persons, nor time in
you?

It is important to
realise that the play's title, Twelfth Night, refers to a festival
which is not celebrated any more, but which represented the last celebrations of
Christmas before the long, hard winter months ahead, characterised by Lent (a time of
fasting). Traditionally, Christmas decorations are taken down on Twelfth Night to
indicate this. In the play, it appears that Sir Toby Belch represents the true party
spirit of Christmas that will not yield, whereas Malvolio, described as a "Puritan,"
represents sobriety, seriousness and duty. Note how, in response to Malvolio's words,
Sir Toby Belch responds as follows:

readability="7">

Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there
shall be no more cakes and
ale?

This appears to be the
central conflict concerning Malvolio: he is set against Sir Toby Belch and represents
order, duty and denial, whereas Sir Toby quite clearly represents excess and
chaos.

Under what conditions would Desdemona cheat on Othello?

In Act 4 of Shakespeare's Othello,
Emilia declares that she would not cheat on her husband for a trinket, but she would for
the whole world:

It is a great
price

For a small
vice.

Yet, Desdemona declares
that she would not cheat on her husband even for the whole world.  Earlier in the play,
Desdemona declared that even if Othello treated her badly, she would still love
him:

readability="5">

Unkindness may do
much.

And his unkindness may defeat my
life

But never taint my
love.

And, she declared
that

I cannot
say "whore,"

It doth abhor me now I speak the
word.

To do the act that might the addition
earn

Not the world's mass of vanity could make
me.

Desdemona's love for
Othello is pure, constant, and unconditional.  She would never cheat on Othello.  Unlike
Emilia, Desdemona's love is absolute; no price or prize could tempt her to commit
adultery; no unkind act on Othello's part could drive her to another man.   Under no
circumstances would Desdemona cheat on Othello.

Compare the Black soldier who fought for the Union and the Black soldier that fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War.How were their...

Actually, there were very few instances of black soldiers
fighting for the Confederacy. Most of the black men who followed the Confederate troops
were slaves of the soldiers, so in some cases, they did participate in minor ways:
Cooking food, washing clothes, and doing other chores for his master. It was frowned
upon for a slave to have possession of a gun, though some trustworthy slaves were
allowed to hunt with a musket or rifle. One of the Confederacy's greatest battlefield
commanders, Major General Patrick Cleburne, did suggest in writing that the Confederacy
arm its slaves and put them into action against the enemy troops. Cleburne recognized
the dwindling human resources in the South, and he thought (possibly correctly) that
this would be a last chance of saving the floundering new country. His proposition was
roundly dismissed, unsurprisingly, and Cleburne was later passed over several times for
promotion to corps command. Cleburne was later killed at the forefront of his division
at the disastrous Battle of Franklin.

Black Union troops
numbered well over 100,000 by the end of the war, but many of them were used for guard
duty and other unglamorous work. They were not well-liked by the white troops, and their
courage and military know-how was questioned. However, during the final year of the war,
black troops played a major part in several operations. At the Battle of the Crater, a
large number of black troops were sent into the gaping hole that resulted from an
underground explosion, where they were trapped when Confederate reinforcements arrived.
The enraged Southerners, seeing thousands of black troops where their lines formerly
stood, slaughtered them unmercilessly. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
Regiment, perhaps the most famous black outfit in the war, was memorialized in the
movie Glory! The regiment made a suicidal frontal assault on Fort
Wagner, N.C. late in the war, but their attack was repulsed at great
loss.

Prove that the cosine of double angle may be written in terms of sine of angle.

We'll write the cosine of double angle as cos 2x. We know
that the cosine of double angle can be written as as the cosine of the sum of 2 like
angles:

cos(x+x) = cos x*cos x - sin x*sin
x

cos(x+x) = (cos x)^2 - (sin x)^2
(1)

We'll write cos x in terms of sin x, applying the
fundamental formula of trigonometry:

(sin x)^2 + (cosx)^2 =
1

(cos x)^2 = 1 - (sin x)^2
(2)

We'll substitute (2) in
(1):

cos(x+x) = (cos x)^2 - [1 - (cos
x)^2]]

We'll remove the
brackets:

cos 2x =  1 - (sin x)^2 - (sin
x)^2

We'll combine like
terms:

cos 2x = 1 - 2(sin
x)^2

So,the expression of cos 2x, written in terms of sin
x, is:

cos 2x = 1 - 2(sin
x)^2

What does the following quote mean in Macbeth? "I am in bloodStepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more,Returning were as tedious as go o'er."

It is always important when you are trying to work out the
meaning of quotations to read them in the context of the entire work of literature.
Often this will help reveal the meaning of the quotation. This quote, uttered by
Macbeth, is said in Act III scene 4 at the end of the famous banquet scene, after
Macbeth has been greatly disturbed by the sight of the ghost of Banquo, whom he has just
had killed. The quote you have identified reveals Macbeth's own perceptions of where he
is morally. Having committed so many nefarious acts, such as the murder of Duncan and
now the murder of Banquo, he considers himself to be beyond the pale of redemption. He
is so deep in the blood of the innocents that he has killed, that even if he were to not
"wade" any further, it would be too much work to go back and right the wrongs he has
committed. Therefore, he might as well continue on his path to damnation, adding evil to
evil. This quote is therefore very important when we think of Macbeth's state as a
character. It represents his own abandonment to evil and to the damnation he will
receive.

In Of Mice and Men by John Steinback in ONLY CHAPTER 3,why is Lennie smiling when Curley enters the bunkhouse?Please provide evidence from the...

When reading a novel, it is important to consider the
narrative and all the elements of fiction as a whole.  For, it is erroneous to evaluate
scenes solely as isolated incidents, when they are often connected to previous
foreshadowing or other incidents.  This incident of Curley's entering the bunkhouse and
seeing Lennie smiling is an example.  For, the simple happiness Lennie displays as he
contemplates his and George's dream is misinterpreted by Curley as a smirk of Lenny
against him. after the derogatory remarks of Carlson and Candy who have accused him of
being "yella as a frog belly" and weird about his one hand:  "What the hell you laughin'
at?...I'll show you who's yella."  (Curley also feels safer saying something to Lennie
because he has observed George telling him to be
quiet.  

And, this misinterpretation carries much import
for the entire narrative of Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men. First of
all, this misinterpretation of Curley about Lennie's smiling indicates Curley's
insecurity about being short.  For, he thinks Lennie is scoffing at him as physically
inferior.  Secondly, this misread of Lennie causes Curley to foster aggressive,
antipathetic feelings toward Lennie.  So, when he takes a swing at Lennie, there is
verisimilitude that has been established since he thinks Lennie will not fight and he
can punch him quickly, whereas Carlson and Slim would probably not let Curley even take
a swing at them.  Finally, these scene underscores Steinbeck's theme that alienation
from others--as the itinerant workers of the Depression era were--makes for fearfully
agressive men who try to disguise their vulnerability.

How can 0.99999... be converted into a proper fraction. Why is that the answer?

Let 0.99999... = p be the proper
fraction.

p = 0.999.....                     
(1).

Multiply both sides of equation at (1) by
10.

10p = 9.999....                   
(2)

(2) - (1):

10p - p =
(9.999...) - (0.999.....)

9p =
9.

p = 9/9 =
1/1.

Therefore p = 1/1. Or p =
1.

How does Matthew Arnold use language to convey the speaker's attitude and concern for the direction society is heading in the poem Dover Beach?

Matthew Arnold signals his concern for the direction that
society is taking; particularly the loss of religious faith in this poem. His language
conveys this clearly.

One good example is the assonance in
the line 'melancholy, long, withdrawing roar' which gives the poem a sombre
feeling. Arnold also uses onomatopeia such as 'clash' which also signals a
feeling of fear. 

His use of a metaphor in which he
describes the noise of the sea as containing 'The eternal note of sadness' also suggests
a feeling of melancholy as the sea is like faith; retreating. He talks about the 'Sea of
Faith' which was once 'full' and the poet fears that this will not be the case again.
Arnold also describes the armies that he imagines as 'ignorant' which conveys his
concern for what will replace religion-it does not appear to be
positive.

Arnold uses the technique of listing all the
things that the world is losing such as 'joy' 'love' 'peace' which underlines the
feeling of sadness and loss.   

Why does John Middleton try to convince Elinor of his lack of money in Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility?

I was unable to find in Sense and
Sensibility a moment when Sir John Middleton tells Elinor that he does not
have a lot of money; however, perhaps you actually meant John
Willoughby? Towards the end of the book, Willoughby comes to Elinor to
explain his treatment of Marianne, and one of his reasons
is lack of money. Below is an account of his
explanations:

When Willoughby learns from Sir John Middleton that
Marianne was dying of a fever at Cleveland, he rushes from town to try and make both
Marianne and Elinor think "one degree less" badly of him (Ch. 44).

Willoughby confesses that at first when he met Marianne and her
family, he had no other intention than flirting with her and enjoying her company, even
if he saw that she sincerely loved him. His reason was that he already knew himself to
be an extravagant man and knew that his estate at Combe
Magna was not quite enough to pay for his expensive tastes and
debts. Therefore, he also had to wait for his inheritance from Mrs.
Smith; in the meantime, he decided that he must also marry a wealthy
woman. Therefore, Willoughby tries to convince Elinor that his initial
indifference to Marianne, though mean, selfish, and cruel, was due to his
need for money.

However, Willoughby
further explains that he did indeed fall in love with Marianne. He even states that he
had made up his mind to forget about his need for money and propose to her when Mrs.
Smith learned of his affair with Eliza. He never means to justify or excuse his affair
with Eliza, but he does explain that Eliza was just as guilty of seduction as he was
guilty of being a scoundrel. However, due to his affair with Eliza and his refusal to
marry her because of his love for Marianne, Mrs. Smith disinherits him, leaving him in
more need of money than ever. Hence, Willoughby made the resolution to give up the idea
of marrying Marianne, leave for London immediately and court the wealthy Miss Grey
instead.

Ultimately, Willoughby asks for
compassion. Though he made his choices, he wants Elinor and Marianne to
see how torturous it was for him. He wants them to see that he truly did love Marianne
and meant to treat her rightly, but got caught up in his own other foolishness instead.
As Willoughby phrases it, "If you can pity me, Miss Dashwood, pity
my situation as it was then. With my head and heart full of your
sister, I was forced to play the happy lover to another woman!" (Ch. 44).
 

Elinor does indeed feel compassion and pity for Willoughby,
especially because his vanity and extravagance have made him "cold-hearted and selfish"
when in reality he could be "open and honest," with an affectionate nature (Ch.
44).

Why did the Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?

As seems to happen so often in politics, the Federalists
opposed the Louisiana Purchase not on principled grounds but because they thought it
would hurt them politically.  They claimed to oppose the Purchase because it was
unconstitutional.  But they really opposed it because they thought that the states that
would be made out of the Purchase would be more Democratic-Republican than
Federalist.

In general, the Federalists were an elite party
of New England merchants.  They had some support in other states, but almost solely
among the upper classes.  The Federalists reasoned that the states that were made out of
the Purchase would be settled by small farmers, a class that was solidly in favor of
Jefferson's party.

The Federalists claimed they opposed the
Purchase on constitutional grounds.  They said the Constitution did not give the
president the power to do things like buying territory.  This was somewhat hard to
believe, though, since the Federalists were the party that was in favor of interpreting
the Constitution broadly.  Because their complaints about the Purchase were so contrary
to their usual beliefs, historians believe that their real motive was the fear of losing
political power.

How does Chinua Achebe portray colonialism using Things Fall Apart?essay question

The picture that Achebe paints is not a very positive one,
using the story to depict a colonial power that enters and then brings about the death
of the Igbo culture.  Through the Christian religion as well as technological advances,
the agents of colonial power enter the village and work tirelessly to convince the Igbo
that their ways are the ways of the past and of ignorance and that the ways of the white
man are better.  They create rifts in the village and seek to exacerbate those by
continuing to point out ways that the village is
backwards.

Eventually the interference of the white men and
the conflict of their ways with the traditions of the Igbo bring about the death of the
Igbo culture signified in part by Okonkwo's suicide.