How is verbal, dramatic, and situational irony expressed in the story "The Necklace"? Guy de Maupassant's "The Necklace"

In "The Necklace," a marvelous tale of the falsity of
materialism as a value, Guy de Maupassant employs with perfection the incongruity
between what is stated and what is really meant (verbal irony), or between what is
expected to happen and what actually does happen (situational irony), or between what
the reader and audience know, but the character does not
(dramatic).

SITUATIONAL
IRONY

In the exposition, Maupassant portrays the
materialistic Mathilde Loisel,who grieves for herself because she feels that she has
been born for "all the niceties and luxuries of life."  When her bourgeois husband, a
government clerk, brings home an invitation, he expects Mathilde to be
happy, but she is not.

In another instance
of situational irony, Madame Loisel's dreams of a better life worsen because of her
vanity and desire for material objects.   By insisting that she wear some pretty
jewelry, Mme. Loisel is told by her husband to borrow from a friend. When she does
borrow a beautiful necklace, Mme. Loisel loses it and this lost causes her untold
grief.  So, in her quest for materialism, she is left with less than what
she originally had as she and her husband pay dearly for her loss.  (She moves from
bougeoisie to poverty.)

In yet
another instance of situational irony, Mme. Loisel assumes that people of
the upper class only value expensive things.  When she  first sees the
necklace that she does borrow, Mme. Loisel asks

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"hesitatingly, pleading, 'Could I borrow that,
just that and nothing
else?'"

because she believes
that it is very costly. She cannot imagine that Mme. Forestier would have an inexpensive
article simply because she likes it.  Ironically, of course the necklace
is not expensive.

This situational irony
leads to the final, most crucial situation irony.  At the end of the narrative, Mme.
Loisel finally has lost her false pride which has kept her from telling Mme. Forestier
that she has lost the jewelry lent to her and she approaches Mme. Forestier on the
Champs-Elysees one Sunday.  When she confesses the loss and then boasts of having paid
for it by working and sacrificing, Mme. Forestier looks at her with pity,
saying,

Oh, my
poor Mathilde.  But mine was only paste.  Why, at most it was worth only
five hundred
francs!"

VERBAL
IRONY

Because she does not have what she believes is the
proper attire, Madame Loisel tells her husband,

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"Give the card to some friend at the office whose
wife can dress better than I
can."

Mme. Loisel, of course,
hopes by saying this that her husband will offer to buy her a new dress.
Then, as the day of the party nears, Mme. Loisel complains that she has
nothing to wear on her dress:

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"I'll look like a pauper:  I'd almost rather no
go to that
party."

Again,
by saying this Mme. Loisel means that she wants some jewelry so she can
go.