Saturday, February 14, 2015

Is there any coined word for the intertextuality of graphics?Intergraphictual, intergraphicality, intergraphical. . . etc. Please comment.

“Intergraphicality” might be a good way to describe it.
Since intertextuality is so broad, it would be useful to have more nuanced terms to
describe particular kinds of intertextuality.


Typically,
I’ve seen this simply called “visual intertextuality.” The concept of intertextuality is
all-encompassing. If it means “the shaping of a text’s meaning by referring to its
difference/similarity to other texts,” this becomes a very broad definition. It is even
broader than this. Some critics, such as Roland Barthes, consider that all signs (visual
and otherwise) and even events of history can be read as texts. If you follow this line
of thinking, all visual, textual and audible representations have a “textual” aspect to
them. I’ve read analyses of visual art where the language used to describe its “visual
intertextuality” is the same as if it were describing a literary text. If all signs are
textual, they all can be discussed in terms of
intertextuality.


But, the broadness of the term has
received some criticism because there are nuances to this idea of referring to other
texts. An allusion is one example. This term existed long before the concept of
intertextuality became a buzz word. An allusion is a kind of intertextuality. So, there
are already existing terms which are more narrowly defined types of intertextuality. As
far as visual types, I have not seen one widely accepted definitive
term.


The only term I know of that comes close is
“ekphrasis,” which is the act of describing visual art as literary. Since this is
describing one art form in terms of another art form, it is intertextual by being
interdisciplinary. I guess if you wanted to make this more precise, you might say
“intertextual ekphrasis,” but intergraphicality works just as well. Who knows which
terms will be coined and generally accepted?

Why does Oberon cure Titania of her infatuation with Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Oberon had Puck annoint Titania's eyes because he wanted
to make her look foolish as she fell in love with whomever or whatever she saw upon
waking.  He got his wish when she awoke and saw Bottom with his ass's head, then
promptly fell in love with him.  Oberon wanted Titania to look foolish because he was
angry with her when she wouldn't give up the changeling child who was currently
receiving all her attention.  Titania said the child had belonged to a votress of hers
(a lady in waiting) who died and upon the lady's death had promised to care for the
child.  Oberon was jealous of the attention the child was getting and he wanted Titania
to give over the child to him, but she refused.  Oberon figured that if Titania's
attention was distracted by being in love, he could get the child from her and his plan
worked.  Since Oberon had the changeling child, he no longer needed Titania to be in
love with Bottom, so he annointed Titania's eyes again and when she awoke, it was Oberon
that Titania saw.  Their relationship was once again loving.

Friday, February 13, 2015

What can we learn from Hamlet's soliloquies?

For starters, we learn what Hamlet thinks about himself,
life, death, Denmark, his mother, Claudius.  From his first soliloquy, "O that this too
too sullied flesh should melt,"  we learn that he is close to suicide over his father's
death and his mother's too soon marriage to Claudius.  We know that he is learned,
scholarly, moral, and deeply disillusioned by those around him.  But we also learn that
he is not quick to action.  He knows he must hold his tongue.  Later, in Act 2, Hamlet
reveals in his "O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I" soliloquy his extreme
frustration over his inability to avenge his father's death.  He is angry that Claudius
lives and that he has been able to do nothing but put on an antic disposition.  But in
this soliloquy, filled with self-loathing and bitterness, we see a very smart mind at
work.  He comes up with a clever plan to ascertain Claudius' guilt.  In his "To be, or
not to be" speech, we see further a more mature mind as Hamlet philosophically and
rationally considers why people endure suffering in this life when they could take
action to end this suffering.  This speech marks a certain development in Hamlet's
character in that it is a general musing rather than an individual expression of
emotion.  In Act 4, Hamlet's soliloquy "How all occasions do inform against me," we see
Hamlet dissect the connection between thought, action, and cowardice as he evaluates the
honor and merit of Fortinbras's actions.


These are some of
the major soliloquies and some brief ideas of what is learned through them.  Through
them we understand Hamlet's developing maturity throughout the play, his impressive
thought processes, and his motivation for acting or refraining from acting.  Much more
could be written on these.

Whats are some examples of Abigail using Anger as motivation in The Crucible?

Abigail is angry because Elizabeth dismissed her from the
services. She realizes her affair with John will end. Elizabeth has become suspicious
that Abigail and John have become intimate. Abigail becomes angry because John has
broken any ties with her. Seeking revenge, she manipulates the witch-hunt and stirs up a
witch-hunt that ends with people hanging.


In anger, Abigail
controls the girls of the neighborhood. She threatens them if they disobey her. She
rehearses her actions with the girls. They all pretend to be affected by the spirit of
witchcraft.


Out of anger at being rejected by John, Abigail
manipulates and lies and ultimately is responsible for sending nineteen people to their
deaths.

What events lead to the destruction of the first party system and the emergence of the second party system?

The first party system pitted the Federalists against the
Democratic- Republicans.  This party system ended because of the War of 1812.  The
Federalists were anti-war and pro-British to the extent that they talked (at the
Hartford Convention) of seceding from the Union.  This destroyed their viability as a
party and ended the first party system.


After that, there
was an "era of good feelings" in which there was really only one party.  This lasted
until the late 1820s when that system began to break apart and a second party system was
created.  This system had the Democrats contending with the Whigs.  This party system
came about largely because of the rise of Andrew Jackson and the people's reaction to
him.  The Democrats became the party of the common people while the Whigs became more of
the party of business interests.

In view of the quote, "Romance at short notice was her speciality," from "The Open Window," discuss the character of Vera.

You have highlighted the last sentence of this incredibly
amusing short story which contains irony on so many levels. Vera, of course, is the
storyteller without equal, who is quickly able to seize on details and weave convincing
tales to horrific effect. Note how she dominates the story - it begins with her words
and ends with them. We are told in the first sentence that she is "a very self-possessed
young lady of fifteen". It is clear that she sees in Framton Nuttel an object for one of
her stories, as she is quick to establish that he knows nobody from the area and thus
she is free to use her excellent wit and intelligence to create a fable that will shock
Framton Nuttel for her own amusement. She shows herself to be an excellent actor as well
as a storyteller. Consider how the author narrates her duping of Framton
Nuttel:



Here
the child's voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human... She broke
off with a shudder.



She is
not only creative, but quick, intelligent and able to fool others into believing her
words. This is demonstrated yet again at the end of the tale when, nonchalantly, she
creates another tale to explain Framton Nuttel's swift escape from the house to trick
her family, telling the tale "calmly" with complete equanimity. Clearly this tale
celebrates the power that a good storyteller can have over a susceptible audience, with
Vera presented as the master storyteller.

Thursday, February 12, 2015

Write the polar form of the complex number z given by z=6-8i.

The original given form of the complex number
is rectangular form.


We'll put the number into the polar
form.


z = a + bi


z =
6-8i


Re(z) =  6 and Im(z) =
-8


The polar form:


z = |z|(cos
t + i sin t)


|z| = sqrt[Re(z)^2 +
Im(z)^2]


|z| = sqrt [(6)^2 +
(-8)^2]


|z| = sqrt (36 +
64)


|z| = sqrt 100


|z| =
10


tan t = Im (z)/Re(z)


tan t
= -8/6


tan t = -4/3


t  =
arctan(-4/3)


The polar form of the complex
number z is: z = 10{cos [arctan(-4/3)] + i*sin
[arctan(-4/3)]}.

Can (sec x - cosec x) / (tan x - cot x) be simplified further?

Given the expression ( sec x - csec x ) / (tan x - cot x) We need to simplify. We will use trigonometric identities ...