A desert is a place with very little precipitation.
Although many deserts are warm, deserts can also be cold. The term "desert" simply means
that there is very little rain or snowfall.
Let's use the
typical warm desert as an example of a habitat. This type of desert is a difficult place
for plants and animals to live. It is full of extremes. In the day time, the desert is
very hot. The sun bakes the soil or sand. At night, the absence of cloud leads to
extreme cooling as the heat goes up into the air. The ground becomes
cold.
Plants adapt to these extremes by growing with waxy
coatings that allow them to conserve moisture. They also have very small leaves, so that
they do not have a lot of surface area through which they can lose moisture. Plants such
as cacti are designed to store moisture when it falls. Plants also time their
reproduction to take advantage of the rain. When the rain falls, they
bloom.
Desert animals also have amazing adaptations to this
environment. In the heat of the day, many desert animals stay cool by taking shelter
underground or under rocks. Nocturnal animals are common in deserts. Desert animals also
move in ways that reduce the amount of contact that they make with hot sand. For
example, snakes use a sidewinding motion so that they do not sit flat on the ground.
Desert animals also have internal adaptations to extreme temperatures. For example, the
camel's red blood cells are an oval shape, which allows the blood to move easily even
when the camel is severely dehydrated.
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