Your question regarding the plague, I assume, is
not Mercutio calling a a plague down
on the Capulet and Montague families when he is fatally wounded by Tybalt in
Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
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Mercutio:
I
am hurt.
A plague a' both your houses! I am sped.
(III.i.90-91)
The plague,
however, does play a prominent "part"
in the play. When Friar Lawrence sends Friar John to Mantua with a note for Romeo
apprising Romeo of the plans the friar and Juliet have made to avoid her marriage to
Paris, Friar John is unable to leave the city. In Act Five, scene two, Friar Lawrence
receives the news from Friar John that the letter for Romeo was never delivered, and he
explains why.
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JOHN:
Going
to find a barefoot brother out,
One of our order, to
associate me
Here in this city visiting the
sick,
And finding him, the searchers of the
town,
Suspecting that we both were in a
house
Where the infectious pestilence did
reign,
Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us
forth,
So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd.
(V.ii.5-12)
This is not a
detail lightly placed within the play. Everyone in England, in Europe, realized the
importance of containing the plague. One of the most social gathering places in England
was the theater, and when there was any risk of plague, the theater was the first place
to be closed because it gathered people from all socioeconomic groups, from all over the
kingdom.
The plague knew no barriers based on age, gender
or social prominence. The most popular was the bubonic plague, though there were three
different kinds. It moved swiftly, killing most commonly within a week. Some people did
survive, but a majority did not; it wiped out entire towns. It was known as the Black
Death, and the fact that Friar John was quarantined is no surprise whatsoever. Houses
were boarded up; no one was allowed in or out until contagion could absolutely be ruled
out.
The Italian author, Giovanni Boccaccio, wrote that the
plague so terrified people that family members would abandon one another. The greatest
calamity was that parents would abandon their own
children:
What
is even worse and nearly incredible is that fathers and mothers refused to see and tend
their children, as if they had not been
theirs.
With this information
in mind, there can be little doubt as to why Friar John would not have been allowed to
leave Verona and travel into Mantua, or anywhere else. No amount of pleading would have
helped. To let one infected person through could mean the death of hundred or thousands.
For instance, the Black Death was...
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...the first great pandemic of recorded history,
with death rates reaching and in places exceeding 70
percent.
It is this detail,
fear of the plague, on which the plot of Romeo and Juliet pivots.
Had Friar John made it through, it is safe to assume that Romeo and Juliet would have
been reunited.