What is the point of view in the novel and how does it affect the book and why?

In The Catcher in the Rye, the
point-of-view is first person flashback told in "sweet style" teenage vernacular
arranged in an episodic structure to show a humorous and rebellious tone.  The narration
also adds psychological depth of an alienated narrator caught in an unjust society.  The
last two points below (K. & L.) are key.

Here are
the nuts and bolts from my lecture notes:

I.
Narration

A.
Bildungsroman: novel of maturation

B. Coming-of-Age
(apprenticeship novel)

C. Bookend structure: framed in
California; story proper is Penn., NYC

D. Holden’s voice is
implicitly male voice

E. American
voice

F. Folksy voice

G.
Youthful, teenage voice with adult voice behind it

1.
conversational style

2. simple
language

3. colloquial
(slang)

4. lots of
repetition

5. cussing

6. many
digressions

H. Holden is unreliable
narrator

I. Confession (“If you really want to hear about
it…)

1. to a
psychiatrist/psychologist?

2. to a priest,
monk?

3. to Allie?

4. to
Phoebe?

J. Narrating from a “rest
home”

1. psychiatrist’s
office?

2. mental facility?

3.
D.B.’s pad?

K. Only rants and complains (no
morals)

L. Holden is marginalized (exists on the fringes of
society)

What is your impression of Mayella Ewell? On what are you basing it? What role does Atticus' questions play in forming this impression?

Mayella Ewell is definitely a young woman deserving of
some pity in To Kill a Mockingbird. She is stuck with an
evil drunkard of a father who beats her and possibly even takes advantage of her
sexually. With her mother dead, she is forced to raise the remainder of the Ewell clan
herself. She has no friends, no money and no prospects for the future. She asks Tom to
come to her house out of loneliness, and she later tells him that she has never been
kissed, so "she might as well kiss a nigger."

Of course,
Mayella is still guilty of framing Tom for her supposed rape. No doubt it was her father
who did the beating after catching her with Tom, but she still bears the responsibility
for going along with the story that her father has concocted. Her fear of her father
left her with little choice.

Are multiparty systems necessarily more representative than the two party system in the United States? why or why not?

For the most part, I would say that they are more
representative, but I would not say that they are necessarily
so.

They are generally more representative because in those
systems, smaller parties can more accurately represent the wishes of their members.  For
example, if we had a "Tea Party Party" in the US, it could accurately represent its
members' attitudes without having to compromise.

However,
in such systems, parties might have a harder time representing people who feel that
there are many important issues.  For example, if we had an anti-abortion party and an
anti-tax party and an anti-environmentalism party, what representation would there be
for people who think all of those are equally important?  Or for those who think that
two of the three are but one is not?

Voters all have
different mixes of issue attitudes and issue salience and even multiparty systems cannot
accurately represent everyone.

One other issue to consider
is that, in a multi-party system, you are often voting for slates of candidates rather
than being able to specifically vote for a given person.  You could say this is less
representative as well.

In what ways does the Party employ technology? Another version of the question: How does technology affect the Party’s ability to control its...

I believe the Party uses technology mainly as a way to
control its citizens.  It does this by using technology for surveillance and for
propaganda.

The main image of technology in
1984 is, to me, the television screen.  These screens are two-way
things that allow some one to watch everyone who has a screen all the time.  We also
know that the Party can plant microphones in various places.  If you never knew when the
Party was watching you or listening to you, I would think that would control you a
lot.

The Party also uses the screens and movies for
propaganda.  It uses them, for example, in the Two Minutes Hate.  This sort of use
affects the way people think.  That helps the Party control them as
well.

How do you think the Soviet Union felt about the United States and its numerous alliance systems?cold war alliance systems

In a word, threatened.  While US policy and that of the
West during the Cold War was one of containment, and didn't threaten the Soviets
directly, you have to remember that Russia had been invaded by Germany twice in the last
half century, so the formation of the NATO alliance with hundreds of thousands of troops
and eventually nuclear weapons made them feel insecure, and rightfully so. They formed
the Warsaw Pact alliance in response to NATO, pure and
simple.

I think the Soviets were less threatened by our
ANZUS alliance (Australia-New Zealand-US) or the alliance with Japan, but it did pose
more of a threat to China and to communist expansion in the region which the Soviets
supported.

What are some quotes that reflect images of sight/blindness, animals, and hell/demons from the play Othello?

One of the first, and a relatively famous animal quote is
from Iago as he calls up to Brabantio's house in the middle of the night in reference to
his daughter being with Othello: "Even now, no, very now, an old black ram Is tupping
your white ewe."  Of course he is trying to make the image as repellant as possible to
arouse anger in Brabantio and drive him to attack Othello the moor.  Just a little bit
later he says againto Brabantio:

readability="9">

you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary
horse, you'll have your nephews neigh to you, you'll have coursers for cousins, and
jennets for germans.

Pretty
nasty stuff!

A quote close by that reflects the idea of
vision or blindness is from the First Senator after the Duke asks him how it is possible
that the Turkish preparation makes for Rhodes rather than for Cyprus:  "'Tis a pageant
to keep us in false gaze" reflecting the idea that they have been looking the wrong
way.

Discuss Andrew Marvell as a metaphysical poet.

Andrew Marvell in his poem "To His Coy Mistress"
demonstrates two characteristics of poetry we, today, categorize as
metaphysical.

He uses stretched metaphors, for example.  In
part one of his syllogism, or logical argument designed to convince his target--a
woman--to sleep with him, he refers to their love as "vegetable love."  The idea is that
if they were immortal and could spend centuries in the wooing stage
of love making, their love could grow as slowly as a vegetable.  The metaphor is
stretched, of course.  The slow growing rate of a vegetable is not normally compared to
love growing.

Secondly, Marvell displays and revels in his
wit and intelligence and learning.  In the second part of his syllogism, in which he
centers on the mortality of humans, he concludes with

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The grave's a fine and private
place,

But none, I think, do there
embrace.

And later, in part
three, he says that the lovers should be like "amorous birds of
prey."

The grave couplet demonstrates his wit and keeps the
poem a little lighter than the morbid imagery might otherwise make
it.

The comparison of lovers to loving predators
demonstrates both a stretched metaphor and wit.

The
stretched metaphors, the wit displayed, and, additionally, the carpe diem theme, mark
Marvell as a metaphysical poet.