What is the mission of the members of the Roman Catholic Church?

If you are taking a religion class, I wonder if your
particular text has a specific answer you are supposed to give.  I say this, because I
do not remember ever being taught that I, as a Catholic, had some specific mission other
than the mission of every Christian.

As Christians, we have
(or should have) a mission to follow God's word as closely as we can.  We also have a
mission to spread the word of Christ by our words and by our actions.  But these are
not, in my opinion, specific to Catholics.

What is unusual about the speech Hamlet begins to recite (2.2.430-444) and the First Player continues (2.2.448-498)?

Hamlet is meta-drama: it's a play
based on a play, and it has plays within its play.  And everyone's a foil for Hamlet,
even Greek allusions.  Here, in this speech about an act of revenge during the Trojan
War, Hamlet tries to get into character (as an avenger) by reciting it, but he can't
finish it, and so the First Player takes over.  The scene foreshadows Hamlet's
indecision regarding the nature of revenge.

This speech in
Act II, scene ii is an echo of the Ghosts' implicit instructions for Hamlet from Act I.
 Hamlet tells the Ghost: "Speak, I am bound to hear."  As the Ghost is a theatrical
Ghost, a kind of prologue Ghost, the Ghost speaks and expects Hamlet to take over by
honoring his demand for revenge.

This speech is the same
way: Hamlet begins, and the First Player takes over.  One player incites another.  Both
speeches are about the nature of revenge.  Instead of literal revenge, though, the First
Player delivers a kind of verbal revenge against his audience (primarily Polonius, who
will tell later Claudius), in hopes of eliciting a katharsis, the
purgation of pity and fear.  Remember, "the play's the thing to catch the conscience of
the king."

All characters here are foils: Pyrrhus is a foil
for Hamlet; Priam is a foil for Claudius.  Here's the allusion: Achilles killed Hector,
Priam's son.  As revenge, Priam's son, Paris, had Achilles killed.  Achilles' son,
Pyrrhus, takes revenge for his father's death by killing Priam.  It's the same
father-son dynamic as that in
Hamlet.

Pyrrrhus is very much like
Hamlet, since both hesitate before vengeance.  Pyrrhus swings his sword to kill Priam
but misses.  Then, after Priam falls to the ground, Pyrrhus butchers him while Priam's
wife, Hecuba, looks on.

The analogy his clear: Hamlet will
pause when trying to kill Claudius at prayer.  He withdraws his dagger.  Later, Hamlet
will kill Claudius mercilessly while his mother, Gertrude, looks on, a literal and
theatrical vengeance (bloodletting as performance).  And Hamlet will butcher his
victims, like Pyrrhus, having at least five people's blood on his hands by the
end.

So, each hero pauses before revenge, possibly to weigh
the consequences of his actions, but then, when each hero does kill, he becomes a
killing machine ("blood will have blood").

What are the two factors that affect the demand for investment?Are they whether a person is pessimistic about future profits or whether a person is...

Investment in economics refers to economic activity that
forgoes consumption today, with the purpose of increasing output in the future. It
includes spending on tangible assets such as houses as well in intangible investments
such as education.

As mentioned in the answer posted above,
different authors may classify factors affecting investment decisions by individual
firms or companies in different ways. For example, the answer above lists five such
factors. However, economists studying nature of investment in general independent of
specific industry, country, or time classify all these factors in three groups. These
are:

1. Demand for output produced by the new
   investment.


2. Interest rates and taxes that influence the
   cost of new investment.


3. Business expectations about the
   state of economy.

Whether a person is
pessimistic or optimistic about future profits from the investments will very much
depend about his or her assessment of the above three
factors.

If I had to choose only two of the above three
factors, I will opt for the second and the third ones. This is because the first factor
- demand for output produced by the new investment -  can also be considered to be a
part of third factor. This is because demand of output is substantially influenced by
state of economy.

In the book Speak what causes Melinda to finally speak?

Melinda finally uses her voice again near the end of the
novel. When she returns to her secluded janitor's closet to retrieve some of her
belongings, she is confronted by Andy. Andy accuses her of fabricating her claims that
he sexually accosted her the previous summer. He believes she is jealous of the
relationship he has with Rachel. When Andy attempts to assault Melinda again, she
screams at him finding the courage to speak once again. At this point, Nicole and other
members of the Lacrosse team hear her scream and come to Melinda's
rescue.

What is one example of each of the following literary devices used anywhere in Act One?1. Pun 2. Alliteration 3. Oxymoron 4. Allusion 5....

1. Pun: "Ay, the
heads of the maids, or their maidenheads;"

2.
Alliteration: "From forth the fatal loins of these
two foes"

3.
Oxymoron: "O loving
hate!"

4. Allusion:
"Even or odd, of all days in the year, Come Lammas-eve at
night shall she be fourteen"

5.
Metaphor: O, then, I see Queen Mab hath been with
you. She is the fairies' midwife,"

6.
Hyperbole: It seems she hangs upon the cheek of
night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;
Beauty too rich for use, for earth too
dear!"

7. Irony:
"What, drawn, and talk of peace!"

8.
Comic Relief: I'll lay fourteen of my
teeth,--And yet, to my teeth be it spoken, I have but
four--"

9.
Foreshadowing: "I fear, too early: for my mind
misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the
stars"

10. Aside:
"[Aside to GREGORY] Is the law of our side, if I say
ay?"

What were the sooial and political outcomes of the end of the Vietnam War? 1. Political Outcomes: 2. Social Outcomes:

The first political outcome of the war was that Lyndon
Johnson did not try to run for president in 1968.  More long lasting effects of the war
include the fact that people trust the government much less than they used to.  This
comes in part from the feeling that the government did not tell the truth about the
war.

Socially, I think the war helped to lead to our
"culture wars" that we have today.  The people who supported the war saw themselves as
the real Americans whose values were under attack by the long-haired, anti-American
protestors.  This has helped lead to the conflict between traditional and
non-traditional people today.

What is the attitude of Friar Laurence toward the lovers' insistence that he marry them without delay?it's somewher in Act 1 scene 4

There are a couple of places where Friar Lawrence gives
his opinion on this.  Neither of them is in Act I, Scene 4, though.  The two places are
Act II, Scene 3 and Act II, Scene 6.

Basically, Friar
Lawrence thinks that they are really rushing things.  He thinks that there is no reason
for them to be hurrying so much.

But eventually, he decides
that it makes sense to marry them even though he's not so sure about it.  He thinks that
by marrying them he might be able to get their families to stop hating each other.  He
says (Act II, Scene 3):

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In one respect I'll thy assistant be;

For this alliance may so happy prove,
To turn your households'
rancour to pure love.

How would you describe Bruno's character in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas? Reference answer to the book, not the movie please.

The story begins with Bruno having to move with his
family. They currently live in Berlin, but his father got a job promotion and they have
to move. Bruno is very unhappy with this, because all of his friends live in Berlin. He
thinks he will never have another friend again.

Bruno is a
very clever and adventurous young boy. He longs for adventure and thinks that in his new
home, he might find some adventure. He is a curious young boy and wants to roam about
the new place. He is also very naive. He doesn't have a clue what his father does for a
living. When he meets Schumel across the fence, he doesn't realize why the young boy is
there. He thinks Schumel is the one getting to have
fun.

"It's so
unfair. I don't see why I have to be stuck over here on this side of the fence where
there's no one to talk to and no one to play with and you get to have dozens of friends
and are probably playing for hours everyday. I'll have to speak to Father about
it."

When Bruno makes this
statement he has no idea what his new found friend's life is really like. Bruno is very
unaware of what is really happening. 

Bruno also is a very
good friend. He and Schumel develop a true friendship. When Bruno sneaks under the fence
to help his friend look for his father, he thinks he is going on another adventure. He
has no idea this will be his last adventure ever.

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And then the room went very dark and somehow,
despite all the chaos that followed, Bruno found that he was still holding Schumel's
hand in his own and nothing in the world would have persuaded to let him
go.

This line in the book is
always heart wrenching. The two young boys think they are going on an adventure, but
soon realize that this is the end. Bruno had never touched his friend before, but at the
end, they were holding hands as equals. 

In chapters 1-3, what was Calpurnia's fault?

According to Scout, who is the narrator of the story,
Calpurnia has many faults. It is only later in the story that Scout comes to appreciate
Calpurnia, who is the family's cook. In the first chapter of the book, Scout introduces
Calpurnia. She describes the woman as being nearsighted and having to squint all the
time because of it. Scout describes Calpurnia's hands as being "wide as a bed slat and
twice as hard." This shows that Calpurnia is a disciplinarian around the Finch house,
which naturally a child would dislike and consider to be a fault. Scout considers
Calpurnia to be a bossy woman, and she describes their disagreements as "battles." The
older woman usually wins these battles, much to Scout's displeasure. Calpurnia asks
Scout "why [she] couldn’t behave as well as Jem," and she also calls her home when she
does not want to come in. These are all things that Scout hates. In the second chapter,
Scout blames Calpurnia for having her copy chapters from the Bible in neat penmanship.
Scout's teacher, Miss Caroline, disapproves of this type of handwriting. In the third
chapter, Walter Cunningham comes over for lunch and Scout is rude to him. Calpurnia
confronts her about it, which Scout does not like. The woman gives Scout a smack on her
bottom. Scout asks her father to fire Calpurnia, but he refuses. All of these things are
considered faults of Calpurnia according to Scout.

What are some allusions in "On First Looking into Chapman Homer"?"On First Looking into Chapman" by John Keats

Interestingly, John Keats, at twenty-one, could not read
Greek and was probably acquainted with Homer's Iliad and Odyssey only from having read
the translations of Alexander Pope, which apparently seemed prosy and stilted to him. 
However, after he and a friend found a more vigorous translation by the Elizabethan poet
George Chapman, Keats was enthralled and he and his friend stayed up late to read aloud
this work to each other.  Toward morning Keats wrote the sonnet "On First Looking into
Chapman's Homer" before going to bed.

Of note, too, is the
allusion to Cortez, since Balboa, not Cortez, discovered
the Pacific, as previously mentioned.  Nevertheless, this error does not detract from
the value of Keats's poem.  Another allusion is to Apollo,
the god to whom the Greeks always turned for wisdom.  He was the god of prophecy and
healing; in Oedipus Rex, Apollo is the god whom the seer Teiresias consults at Delphi. 
In the last line, Darien is alluded to; this is an ancient
name for the Isthmus of Panama.  And, of course, Keats refers to
Chapman, whose translation inspired
him.

What is the main lesson of The Little Prince as allegory?

As an allegory Le Petit Prince by
Antoine Saint-Exupery expresses lessons of friendship and altruism.  Saint-Exupery once
wrote, etre homme, etre responsable [to be man is to be
responsible], and this expression of man's purpose is the philosophy of Saint-Exupery's
The Little Prince. The relationship that the little prince has with
his rose on the planet is pivotal to the novel as the prince learns that it is his
responsibility to the rose, rather than his love for its beauty. In fact it is this
responsiblity that drives him back to the planet and that gives his life meaning.  The
prince also learns that altruistic gestures are more rewarding than selfish
ones.

In Saint-Exupery's allegory there are unnamed
characters who symbolize certain phases of human life.  For instance, the king
represents authority, the businessman respresents greed, and the lamplighter respresents
devotion to duty. The flower is a flirtatious woman, the serpent is death, the fox
represents trickery.  For instance, it is the fox who teaches the prince about the
importance of one's responsibility to the loved one.  He explains to the prince that by
taming him, the prince has invested himself in the fox, thereby making the fox more
special to the prince.  Thus, what one gives to the loved one is more important than
what one receives in return.  Because of this lesson, the prince decides to return to
his planet where his responsibility, the rose, needs
him. 

The links below will connect you to another question
and another site on Saint-Exupery's novel which may be of help to
you.

Calculate the mass of water at 20 degrees C needed to lower the temperature of 750g of water at 75 degrees C to body temperature 37 degrees C?

Given that:

750 g (m1) of
water at 75 degrees C (t1) is mixed with m2 g of water at 20 degrees C (t2). This result
in the total mixture of water attaining a temperature of 37 degrees C
(t).

We have to find out the value of
m2.

The weight of total mixture = m1 +
m2

The total heat required to heat a given mass of water to
a given temperature is proportional to its mass multiplied by
temperature.

Thus heat in a given mass of water
=

H x Mass x
Temperature.

Where H = specific heat of
water.

Also total heat in mixture of the two initial
quantities of water is equal to the sum of heat in initial quantities of
water.

Thus:

H x (m1 + m2) x t
= (H x m1 x t1) + (H x m2 x t2)

Dividing all terms of the
equation by H we get:

(m1 + m2) x t = (m1 x t1) + (m2 x
t2)

substituting values of m1, t1, t2, and t in the
equation we get:

(750 + m2) x 37 = 750x75 +
m2x20

2775 + 37m2 =  56250 +
20m2

37m2 - 20m2 = 56250 -
2775

17m2 =
53475

Therefore:

m2 = 53475/17
= 3145.5882
(approximately)

Answer:

3145.5882
g of water

What kind is the triangle ABC, with vertices A(-1,2), B(4,7),C(-3,6)?

To establish the type of triangle we have to check the
measures of it's angles or the length of it's sides.

In
this case, because all we have is the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle, all
we can find out is the values of the length of the triangle's
sides.

[AB] = sqrt
[(xB-xA)^2 +(yB-yA)^2]

[AB] = sqrt [(4+1)^2 +
(7-2)^2]

[AB] =
sqrt(25+25)

[AB] = sqrt
50

[AC] = sqrt
[(-3+1)^2+(6-2)^2]

[AC] = sqrt
(4+16)

[AC] = sqrt 20

[BC] =
sqrt[(-3-4)^2+(6-7)^2]

[BC] = sqrt
(49+1)

[BC] = sqrt
50

Since [AB]=[BC], the type of the triangle
is isosceles.

Write a character sketch of Shylock from The Merchant of Venice that has at least 4 negative and 3 positive traits.

Although critics tend to agree that Shylock is
The Merchant of Venice’s most noteworthy figure, no consensus has
been reached on whether to read him as a bloodthirsty bogeyman, a clownish Jewish
stereotype, or a tragic figure whose sense of decency has been fractured by the
persecution he endures. Certainly, Shylock is the play’s antagonist, and he is menacing
enough to seriously imperil the happiness of Venice’s businessmen and young lovers
alike. Shylock is also, however, a creation of circumstance; even in his single-minded
pursuit of a pound of flesh, his frequent mentions of the cruelty he has endured at
Christian hands make it hard for us to label him a natural born monster. In one of
Shakespeare’s most famous monologues, for example, Shylock argues that Jews are humans
and calls his quest for vengeance the product of lessons taught to him by the cruelty of
Venetian citizens. On the other hand, Shylock’s coldly calculated attempt to revenge the
wrongs done to him by murdering his persecutor, Antonio, prevents us from viewing him in
a primarily positive light. Shakespeare gives us unmistakably human moments, but he
often steers us against Shylock as well, painting him as a miserly, cruel, and prosaic
figure.

Identify one thing Hauchecorne should have said in his defense that might have helped him in "The Piece of String."

The fault of Maitre Hauchecorne of Guy de Maupassant's
"The Piece of String" is his pride, and it is this pride that makes him hide his act of
having been so "thrifty like the true Norman he was" when his rival, Maitre Malandain,
the harness maker witnesses his stooping:

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Maitre Hauchecorne felt a bit humiliated at
having been seen by his enemy scrabbling in the dirt for a bit of yearn.  He quickly
thrust his find under his smock, then into his trousers pocket' afterwards he pretended
to search the ground for something he had lost, and at last he went off toward the
marketplace with his head bent forward and his body doubled over by his aches and
pains.

Then, the tragic
mistake that Hauchecorne makes in his pride, is not admitting what he has really done
when the police sergeant questions him:

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'Maitre Hauchecorne...you were seen this morning
on the Beuzeville road picking up the pocketbook lost by Maitre Houlbreque, of
Manneville.'

'Me? Me? Me pick up that pocket book?....I
swear! I don't know anything at all about it.'

'You were
seen.'

At this point,
were Maitre Hauchecorne to admit that he bent to pick up a piece of string, he may have
been able to redeem himself, especially if he explained why and had witnesses to testify
to his habitually frugal nature.  However, the first action of trying to dissemble what
he was doing as he stooped in order to deceive M. Malandain was probably the cause of
the lack of credibility in anything that M. Hauchecorne declares after
this.

In his story, Maupassant presents the natural
distrust of the peasants for one another; also, as he expressed in his story "The
Necklace," Maupassant implies, "How small a thing is needed to make or ruin us!" So,
perhaps, there may have been nothing M. Hauchecorne could have done because of the
suspicion with which the peasants regard one another. After all, they still suspect M.
Hauchecorne even after the wallet is found.  Nevertheless, his lies are certainly his
further unraveling, for in his desperate attempts to regain his credibility, he is
mentally destroyed as well as socially.

What is the plot of The Curious Case of Benjamin Button?

 

Beginning:
The narrator
refers to an "astonishing story" he is about to tell, and we know that it has to do with
Mr. Button's first born.
Rising action leading to conflict:
Benjamin
Button is born and they realize his face is that of an old man. He is rejected by his
father, and society as a whole rejects him. However, he is taken in a retirement home,
where he is with his "equals".
Continuing action:
The story is not
narrated directly stating that BB is actually getting younger, but as the story grows,
even the main character is surprised by this fact, as so is the
reader.
Climax:
There are several intense moments in the story, from
the moment he met Hildegarde to when he was found as a young kid. For a short story,
this is not as common, and it is very hard to determine. However, the meeting with H.
was what probably created the most suspense prior to its happening.
Falling
Action
The falling action must be after his wedding to Hildegarde, because
everything after that points out to his making the choice of battling what curses him,
and facing it. He knew what was going to happen next, and that at some point he would
have to abandon her. We also know that, the younger he gets, the closest he is to death.
'
Conclusion/End
Benjamin does get younger and younger until his
life ends.
The end is difficult to discern because of the way the author
narrates it. He makes death look like a transition much like birth: It involves light
and darkness, basic emotions and feelings, and the fact that he simply forgot everything
prior, because now he is a newborn (about to die).
It is interesting, however,
how life and death mirror each other in description. It is perhaps the moment of the
story to which somehow we can relate:
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There were no troublesome
memories in his childish sleep; no token came to him of his brave days at college, of
the glittering years when he flustered the hearts of many girls. There were only the
white, safe walls of his crib and Nana and a man who came to see him sometimes, and a
great big orange ball that Nana pointed at just before his twilight bed hour and called
"sun."

[…]

And then he remembered nothing. When he was hungry
he cried—that was all. Through the noons and nights he breathed and over him there were
soft mumblings and murmurings that he scarcely heard, and faintly differentiated smells,
and light and darkness.

What bothers Holden about Mercutio's death in Romeo and Juliet?He seems to take a liking to Mercutio than to Romeo, I never read Romeo and Juliet...

Of all the characters in William Shakespeare’s
Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, it seems very likely that Salinger’s
Catcher in the Rye character Holden Caulfield would identify most
with Mercutio. This is probably why he is bothered by his
death.

Like Mercutio, Holden is not tied up in a
relationship throughout the play, as Romeo is. Mercutio is possibly the most likable
character in the play. Although he doesn’t last long, his speaking parts are filled with
humor—which is another way in which he resembles Holden. Holden’s first person narration
is intended to inform us, but also to be entertaining, and in this vein he makes a lot
of surprising statements. So does Mercutio. Some of Mercutio’s statements are of a
sexual nature, such as:

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Now will he [referring to Romeo] sit under a
medlar tree

And wish his mistress were that kind of
fruit

As maids call medlars when they laugh
alone.

The humor here is in
the word “medlar,” which is a kind of fruit, but also sometimes used to refer to female
sexuality.

Holden makes a lot of sexual references in the
book, and it’s obvious that he has sex on his mind at times. He probably finds
Mercutio’s jokes funny because he seems to be thinking the same
way.

Finally, as the first post above noted, Mercutio is
killed through no fault of his own. Holden sees himself the same way. His problems in
prep school, and he has had plenty, seem to him to always be somebody else’s fault. It’s
the “phonies” who cause his problems, not his own impetuous
actions.

What various techniques does Arthur Miller use to achieve such heightened drama at the end of Act III?

One of the best techniques used is Proctor's sarcasm in
the lines:

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Proctor: laughs insanely, A
fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my
face, and yours, Danforth! ... We will burn
together!

The magistrates
have just asked Proctor for his confession a "final" time and he is giving it. He
doesn't mean it though. He is acting just like the girls and he is "seeing" something
fake.

We also see characters turn near the end of Act III.
Thus, they are being dynamic characters. Mary Warren who
had come to court on behalf of Proctor, is now back with Abby, and Hale who had been on
the side of the magistrates in the beginning is even damning the
court.

Finally, I think John Proctor's
line:

You are
pulling Heaven down and raising up a
whore!

creates great
conflict. This is a true statement, it is metaphorical, and it attacks the very core of
their beliefs. He is trying to show their hypocrisy.

What is Curly's problem? Why does he need to pick on men larger than he?

I do not think he is particularly interested in picking on
men larger than himself unless he is in a position where they cannot fight back.  This
is because Curley's problem is that he is a bully.

Bullies
tend to be people who do not want equal fights.  They want to fight people who really
can fight back effectively.

But picking on people bigger
than him gives him a lot more satisfaction.  He can tell himself that he can beat them
up or dominate them because he is tougher than they are.  In actuality, it's because
he's the boss's son.

So he's a bully who wants to look
tough without having to actually have a fair fight.

Suggest ways in which heat that flows in or out of the house can be minimized.

There are many different ways in which we can prevent
transfer of heat across the interior of a house and its environment. All these methods
aim to increase the insulation effect offered by walls, roof, doors and windows of the
house.

Conduction of heat through walls can be reduced by
making the wall thick, making them with material with high thermal insulation
properties, or lining them with insulation material. It is also possible to increase
thermal insulation effect by making leaving some hollow space within the wall or between
wall and the insulating material.

Roofs can be made provide
better insulation in the same way as walls. One specific mathod of providing better
insulation is to use falce ceilings.

Doors and windows can
also be made thicker and of better insulating material. Wherever glazed windows or other
glazed structures are used, thermal insulation can be increased by using double walled
glass.

It is possible to reduce extreme variations in
temperatures parts of house by constructing underground chambers. These remain
comparatively cool in summer, and warm in winters.

In
addition to above methods, which are based on structural design of house, keeping the
doors and windows closed also helps to prevent heat
transfer.

Also if the objective is to prevent heating
entering the house, rather than prevent both ways conduction of heat, additional
measures can be adopted to prevent the effect of radiation heat. Some of these measures
include, using light colour exterior paints, using blinds on windows, using reflecting
glass and providing a net shade above the roof that reduces radiation reaching the roof,
with minimum restriction of air circulation for cooling.

Choose three of the below themes from Great Expectations. How does Dickens use the characters, actions and circumstances to teach them? Appearances...

Appearances vs. Reality:  Dickens has several characters
that promote the theme that appearances are not necessarily a reflection of one's
character.  Take Magwitch, for example.  He is a dirty, unkempt, uncouth criminal,
right?  Well, he ends up being Pip's benefactor, and someone who was greatly moved by
one act of kindness from a small boy. He also had suffered great tragedy in his life,
and ended up being the father of the beautiful, elegant and well-established Estella.
All of these things could not be predicted by his character.  Dickens teaches that we
should not judge someone on appearances, but rather on their actions.  Magwitch's
actions show a man seeking redemption, and offering
kindess.

The dignity of labor can best be seen through the
character of Joe.  He is an unassuming man without too much intelligence or grace, but
he's a hard worker, and provides a good and solid living for his family.  As Pip rejects
Joe, leaves the forge, and pursues more "worthy" company and tasks, he is utterly
miserable. It isn't until Pip acknowledges the dignity of working with one's hands to
earn a living, and Joe's goodness as a man that he finds happiness.  Constrast Joe's
happiness and station in life to Pip's, after his money--Pip has nothing to do.  He just
reads books, spends money frivolously, and has no dignity because he does not labor.  At
the end of the novel he finally puts his talents to use in business, and finds peace. 
Dickens is asserting that working is a dignified path to happiness, peace and good
character.

The value of friendship is a theme that runs
throughout the novel.  Pip's best friends are Joe and Biddy; when he rejects them, he is
unhappy.  He finds another friend in Herbert Jr., who accepts him for who he is, and Pip
finds great comfort in that friendship.  Dickens has a theme of friendship as being a
key to happiness, and that friendship should be free of judgment and
criticism.

I hope that those thoughts helped; good
luck!

Explain modal auxiliary verbs.Modal Auxiliaries in Advanced English Grammar

The first step is in understanding modal
auxiliaries is to distinguish modal auxiliary verbs from
auxiliary verbs. There are three auxiliary
verbs. These are do, be,
and
have. As described by href="http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$33">John Fleming of
DeAnza College, auxiliary verbs are used in specific instances and may also
uesd as main verbs.

Auxiliary
have is used to construct the perfect aspect in the
three tenses (past, present, future): Perfect aspect have +
-ed participle. Auxiliary
have is used in all moods and in all
affirmative and negated sentences.

Auxiliary
be is used in
continuous aspects (Progressive and Perfect Progressive):
Progressive aspect be + -ing
participle; Perfect Progressive
have + be + -ing
participle. Auxiliary
be is a significant part of
passive voice sentence construction:
be + -ed
participle. You'll note that the
difference in construction between the progressive aspect and the passive voice is the
form of the participle: progressive aspect uses the present
-ing participle while passive voice uses the past -ed
participle. Auxiliary
be is used in all moods and in all
affirmative and negated sentences.

Auxiliary
do is used in simple
past tense and simple present tense. Auxiliary
do differs from the other two
auxiliary verbs because it is used only in interrogative mood and in negated
sentences.

As taught by href="http://www.eurotp.org/uk/staff.asp">Howard Jackson of Birmingham City
University, and others, modal auxiliaries, in
contrast to auxiliary verbs, are of greater variety. The modal auxiliaries are
can, could, must, may, might, will, would, ought to, shall,
should. Some people add used to, need,
dare, but the addition is not necessarily common.
Modal auxiliaries fulfil a specialized function in English.
They express futurity and probability
along with obligation and
politeness. Some people give a more expanded explanation and elaborate on
the above three categories by saying modal auxiliaries (modals) express
advice, ability, necessity, expectation, permission, possibility
and more, but all of these are subcategories of futurity and probability and
obligation and politeness. Modals establish relationships between
individuals in written or spoken discourse and establish the
distinctions between obligation and discretionary
choice.

English in fact has no
inflected future tense. In English, future
tense is a construct of will, shall, would,
or should with a
main verb: "I will be there." "I shall come to you." "You should work
harder to graduate." "I would run more if I had more time." Therefore modals are
integral to expressing futurity in
English.

Probability, the
degrees of possibility, impossibility, and certainty are expressed with
must, may, can, and might. "The
invitation must have been sent." "It may be lost." "Invitations can be misdirected." "It
might have been misdirected."

Obligation
and politeness are expressed variably
through must, ought to, may, will, could, shall, might (formal),
would, should, can,
and
sometimes
need: "Will/would/could/can you help?" "May/can/might I
enquire your name?" "You must/need to/ought to/should help her."

Define competition and its types.

Competition is commonly referred to the rivalry that
exists between firms for selling their products of a particular category to the same
segment of customers. However it may be defined more generally as rivalry between
individuals and firms to gain greater advantage or superiority over each
other.

Competition may be classified according to many
different perspectives. The most common perspective of classifying competition is the
economics perspective. As per this competition is divided in two broad types - perfect
competition and imperfect competition. Perfect competition exists when no one firm or
consumer in the market is large enough to affect the market price. This is really an
ideal type of completion which does not exist in reality. However many markets may be
quite close to perfect competition.

Imperfect competition
exist when at least one seller or buyer in the market is large enough to affect the
market price. The impure competition may be further classified in different types like
monopolistic, oligopolistic and monopsony markets according to number of dominant
sellers or buyers in the market.

Another popular way of
classifying competition is as per the five force model of Porter, which identifies the
following five sources of competition faced by a
firm.

1. Rival firms in direct competition for the
   company's product.


2. Firms marketing substitute
   products.


3. Firms that are currently not competitors but
   may enter the industry attracted by its high profitability, and therefore may offer
   competition in future.


4. Supplies to the company. They also
   compete with the firms in the sense that they try to increase their profit by charging
   highest possible prices for the products supplied by
   them.


5. Customer of the company. They also compete with the
   firms in the sense that they try to get maximum products and services from the company
   at lowest cost.